Jump to content

2020 in science

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Years in science: 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Centuries: 20th century · 21st century · 22nd century
Decades: 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s 2030s 2040s 2050s
Years: 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
List of years in science (table)
+...
2020 in science
Fields
Technology
Social sciences
Paleontology
Extraterrestrial environment
Terrestrial environment
Other/related

A number of significant scientific events occurred in 2020.

Events

[edit]

January

[edit]
Main article: January–March 2020 in science § January

February

[edit]
Main article: January–March 2020 in science § February

March

[edit]
Main article: January–March 2020 in science § March

April

[edit]
Main article: April–June 2020 in science § April

May

[edit]
Main article: April–June 2020 in science § May

June

[edit]
Main article: April–June 2020 in science § June

July

[edit]
July 2020 in science
July: The UAE,[1] China,[2] and the United States[3] launch probes to Mars.
  • 1 July
    • Scientist at CERN report that the LHCb experiment has observed a four-charm tetraquark particle never seen before, which is likely to be the first of a previously undiscovered class of particles.[4][5][6]
    • Scientists report that they measured that quantum vacuum fluctuations can influence the motion of macroscopic, human-scale objects for the first time by measuring correlations below the standard quantum limit between the position/momentum uncertainty of the mirrors of LIGO and the photon number/phase uncertainty of light that they reflect.[7][8][9]
  • 2 July – Scientists report that a more infectious SARS-CoV-2 variant with spike protein variant G614 has replaced D614 as the dominant form in the pandemic.[10][11]
3 July: Via analysis of satellite images, scientists show that certified "sustainable" palm oil production resulted in deforestation of tropical forests of Sumatra and Borneo and endangered mammals' habitat degradation in the last 30 years.[12]
8 July: Researchers report that they succeeded in using a genetically-altered variant of R. sulfidophilum to produce spidroins, the main proteins in spider silk.[28]
10 July: Scientists report that the Moon formed slightly later than thought (4.425 ±0.025 bya) and that it hosted an ocean of magma for much longer than previously thought (~200 My).[42] Image: the thermal state of the Moon at age 100 My (from the study)
13 July: Researchers report the development of a reusable aluminium surface for efficient solar-based water sanitation.[51]
15 July: In two studies of the Global Carbon Project researchers summarise and analyse new estimates of the global methane budget and provide data and insights on sources and sinks for the geographical regions and economic sectors where the rising anthropogenic methane emissions have changed the most over recent decades.[55]
  • 15 July
    • Researchers report the discovery of chemolithoautotrophic bacterial culture that feeds on the metal manganese after performing unrelated experiments and named its bacterial species Candidatus Manganitrophus noduliformans and Ramlibacter lithotrophicus.[56][57][58]
    • In two studies researchers of the Global Carbon Project summarise and analyse new estimates of the global methane budget and provide data and insights on sources and sinks for the geographical regions and economic sectors where the rising anthropogenic methane emissions have changed the most over recent decades. According to the studies, global methane emissions for the 2008 to 2017 decade increased by almost 10 percent compared to the previous decade.[59][55][60][61]
16 July: Scientists, using public biological data on 1.75 m people with known lifespans overall, identify 10 genomic loci which appear to intrinsically influence healthspan, lifespan, and longevity and identify haem metabolism as a promising candidate for further research within the field.[62]
22 July: Astronomers publish the first photo of multiple exoplanets orbiting a sunlike star – TYC 8998-760-1.[68]
22 July: Scientists confirm the first detected active leak of sea-bed methane in Antarctica.[69]
28 July: Marine biologists report that aerobic microorganisms (mainly), in "quasi-suspended animation", were found in organically-poor sediments, up to 101.5 million years old, 68.9 metres (226 feet) below the seafloor in the South Pacific Gyre (SPG) ("the deadest spot in the ocean"), and could be the longest-living life forms ever found.[89]
29 July: Scientists report that work honored by Nobel prizes clusters in only a few scientific fields.[92]
  • 29 July
    • Scientists of the NA62 experiment at CERN claim to have presented first evidence of a highly rare process – a decay of a charged kaon – predicted in the Standard Model which may help identifying possible deviations from the model.[93]
    • Scientists report that they have transformed the abundant diamagnetic material known as "fool's gold" and pyrite into a ferromagnetic one by inducing voltage, which may lead to techniques with potential applications for devices such as magnetic data storage ones.[94][95]
    • Scientists report that work honored by Nobel prizes clusters in only a few scientific fields with only 36/71 having received at least one Nobel prize of the 114/849 domains science could be divided into according to their DC2 and DC3 classification systems. Five of the 114 domains were shown to make up over half of the Nobel prizes awarded 1995–2017 (particle physics [14%], cell biology [12.1%], atomic physics [10.9%], neuroscience [10.1%], molecular chemistry [5.3%]).[92][96]
    • Scientists report that geochemical data shows that the origin of 50 of the 52 sarsen megaliths used to construct Stonehenge is most likely West Woods, Wiltshire, 25 km north of Stonehenge.[97][98]
  • 30 July – NASA successfully launches its Mars 2020 rover mission to search for signs of ancient life and collect samples for return to Earth. The mission includes technology demonstrations to prepare for future human missions.[3]
  • 31 July

August

[edit]
August 2020 in science
1 August: Brazil's NISR reports that satellite data shows that the number of fires in the Amazon increased by 28% to ~6,800 fires in July compared to the ~5,300 wildfires in July 2019.[102] (Image acquired by MODIS on NASA's Aqua satellite on August 1, 2020.)[103]
10 August: The dwarf planet Ceres is confirmed to be a water-rich body.[134]
13 August: Melting of the Greenland ice sheet is shown to have passed the point of no return, based on 40 years of satellite data. The switch to a dynamic state of sustained mass loss resulted from widespread retreat in 2000–2005.[147]
  • 13 August
    • Scientists at the University of Southern California report the "likely" order of initial symptoms of the COVID-19 disease: "fever, cough, muscle pain, and then nausea, and/or vomiting, and diarrhea".[148][149]
    • Unexpected dimming of Betelgeuse is explained by NASA as a "traumatic outburst", caused by an immense amount of hot material ejected into space, forming a dust cloud that blocked starlight.[150][151][152] On 30 August 2020, astronomers reported the detection of a second dust cloud emitted from Betelgeuse, and associated with a secondary minimum on 3 August in luminosity of the star.[153]
    • Universal coherence protection is reported to have been achieved in a solid-state spin qubit, a modification that allows quantum systems to stay operational (or "coherent") for 10,000 times longer than before.[154][155]
    • July 2020 is tied as the second-warmest July on record, with a record low Arctic sea ice extent for the month, in a report by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.[156]
    • Melting of the Greenland ice sheet is shown to have passed the point of no return, based on 40 years of satellite data, by scientists at Ohio State University. The switch to a dynamic state of sustained mass loss resulted from widespread retreat in 2000–2005.[147][157][158]
  • 14 August – Scientists report the discovery of the oldest grass bedding from at least 200,000 years ago, much older than the oldest previously known bedding. They speculate that insect-repellent plants and ash layers, sometimes due to burned older grass beddings, found beneath the bedding have been used for a dirt-free, insulated base and to keep away arthropods.[159][160][161]
  • 16 August – Astronomers report the detection of asteroid 2020 QG, a small Earth-crossing near-Earth asteroid of the Apollo group that passed the Earth about 2,950 kilometres (1,830 mi) away, the closest known asteroid to pass the Earth that did not impact the planet.[162][163]
  • 17 August
  • 18 August
  • 19 August
    • An analysis indicates that sustainable seafood could increase by 36–74% by 2050 compared to current yields and that whether or not these production potentials are realized sustainably depends on factors such as policy reforms, technological innovation and the extent of future shifts in demand.[177][178]
    • Researchers report that widespread declines in Pacific salmon size resulted in substantial losses to ecosystems and people, which they estimate, and are associated with factors that include climate change and competition with growing numbers of wild and hatchery salmon.[179][180]
    • Researchers provide explanations for variations in the rate of global mean sea-level rise since 1900 and report that dam building in the 20th century offset factors that would have led to a higher rate during the 1970s, implying that no additional processes are required to explain the observed major variations.[181][182][183]
20 August: Scientists report that the Greenland ice sheet lost a record amount of ice during 2019.[184]

September

[edit]
September 2020 in science
14 September: Scientists announce the detection of phosphine in Venus' atmosphere, which is known to be a strong predictor for the presence of microbial life.[227] (This image is the first received photo sent from the surface of another planet, Venus).[228]
18 September: Astronomers report evidence of an exoplanet located in the Whirlpool Galaxy.[301]

October

[edit]
Science Summary for this section (October)
7 October: A quantification of global N2O sources and sinks.[373]
13 October: Betelgeuse is shown to be 25% smaller and closer than previously thought.[374]
  • 7 October
    • The 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded to Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer A. Doudna for their work on genome editing.[375]
    • Researchers reveal a new high-temperature superconducting cable, named VIPER, capable of sustaining higher levels of electric current and magnetic fields than previously possible.[376][377][378]
    • Researchers demonstrate the first passive radiative device that absorbs heat from the hotter inside of an enclosure and emits it on the outside. The system has potential to cool vehicle and building interiors, and solar cells, without using electricity.[379][380]
    • Medical researchers conclude the SARS-CoV-2 can remain on common surfaces for up to 28 days in laboratory conditions that include darkness.[381][382]
    • Scientists present a comprehensive quantification of global sources and sinks of the greenhouse gas N2O and report that human-induced emissions increased by 30% over the past four decades and is the main cause of the increase in atmospheric concentrations, with recent growth exceeding some of the highest projected IPCC emission scenarios.[373][383]
  • 8 October
  • 12 October – Medical scientists report, for the first time in the U.S. and fifth worldwide, confirming evidence of reinfection with the SARS-CoV-2.[389][390]
  • 13 October
    • The red supergiant star Betelgeuse is shown to be 530 light years away, about 25% closer than previously thought. Additionally, its estimated size is revised downwards, from the semi-major axis of Jupiter to around two-thirds of this diameter.[391][374]
    • Scientists report in a preprint the possible detection of glycine in the atmosphere of Venus with the ALMA radio telescope. The amino acid may be relevant to the origin of life and was found on meteorites earlier.[392][393]
    • On 15 October BepiColombo conducts a fly-by of Venus, having instruments possibly sensitive enough to detect the gas, without a detection or non-detection being declared by 10 November.[394]
    • A data analysis released as a preprint on 19 October shows no statistical evidence for an apparent detection of phosphine in the atmosphere of Venus reported in September and that "at least a handful of spurious features" which can be obtained with the data processing method that was used in the study.[395][396]
    • On 27 October scientists release a preprint according to which the detection via JCMT can be explained by the presence of other gases and the ALMA interferometric data is invalid due to calibration issues of the used data processing scripts. Independent processing of the ALMA data by several teams varied from the original study's authors'.[how?] They also claim to have found an inconsistency between the proposed photochemical model and data about the altitude of the gas in the original study.[397][398]
    • On the same day, other researchers publish a paper according to which no phosphine was discovered between 2012 and 2015 at the cloud tops and the lower mesosphere above, putting an upper limit of PH3 abundance there.[395][399]
    • On 28 October science journalists reported that ESO ALMA scientists found separate, unspecified issues – later reported to be a calibration error that was found as a result of the study "No phosphine in the atmosphere of Venus"[400] – with the data that was used by authors of the study that claimed an apparent detection of phosphine in September, and took those data off the observatory's public archive so that the European ALMA Regional Centre Network, who originally calibrated the data, scrutinises it in detail and reprocesses it.[401][395][additional citation(s) needed]
14 October: Room-temperature superconductivity is demonstrated at 15°C, an improvement of 35°C on the previous record. Report is not reliable (retracted article[402]).The image shows a magnet levitating over a superconductor
14 October: A study shows the impact of the C19-pandemic in global CO2 emissions.[403]
15 October: The discovery of cyclopropenylidene in the atmosphere of Saturn's moon Titan is announced.[417]
20 October: NASA's spacecraft OSIRIS-REx collects a sample from asteroid Bennu, becoming the world's third spacecraft to do so.[431]
26 October: Astronomers report detecting molecular water on the sunlit surface of the Moon outside of the lunar south pole.[438]
28 October: the study "Water, energy and land insecurity in global supply chains" explained by a video
  • 28 October
    • Scientists report finding a coral reef measuring 500 m in height, located at the northern tip of Australia's Great Barrier Reef, the first discovery of its kind in 120 years.[411][448]
    • Scientists publish estimates of the occurrence rates of rocky habitable zone planets around Sun-like stars with updated data and criteria for habitable zones – including ≈4 such exoplanets around G and K dwarf stars within 10 pc of the Sun and ≈300 million in the Milky Way.[449][450][451]
    • Scientists report in a preprint that a variant of SARS-CoV-2, 20A.EU1, was first observed in Spain in early summer and has become the most frequent variant in multiple European countries. They also illustrate the emergence and spread of other frequent clusters of sequences using Nextstrain.[452][453]
    • A systematic, and possibly first large-scale, cross-sectoral analysis of water, energy and land in security in 189 countries that links national and sector consumption to sources shows that countries and sectors are highly exposed to over-exploited, insecure, and degraded such resources with economic globalization having decreased security of global supply chains. The study finds that most countries exhibit greater exposure to resource risks via international trade – mainly from remote production sources – and that diversifying trading partners is unlikely to help countries and sectors to reduce these or to improve their resource self-sufficiency.[454][455][456][457]
29 October: Scientists recommend a healthy preparation procedure of rice.[458]

November

[edit]
Science Summary for this section (November)
4 November: Scientists announce the discovery of Kylinxia which could be at the evolutionary root of arthropods.[468]
11 November: Scientists report the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RBD antibodies as early as 3 September 2019, which could establish a substantially earlier start time of the C19 pandemic.[492]
  • 11 November
    • Astronomers report newly found evidence for volcanic activity as recently as 53–210 kya on the planet Mars. Such activity could have provided the environment, in terms of energy and chemicals, needed to support life forms.[493][494]
    • Scientists report the detection of SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain antibodies in 111 (11.6%) of 959 asymptomatic individuals of a lung cancer screening trial in Italy, starting from 3 September 2019, apparently establishing a substantially earlier start time of the COVID-19 pandemic.[492][495] However, the journal published an expression of concern in March 2021 due to possible issues with the peer review.[496]
  • 12 November – Scientists report the development of a microalgae-based fish-free aquaculture feed with substantial gains in sustainability, performance, economic viability, and human health.[497][498]
  • 13 November – Scientists report that Mars' current loss of atomic hydrogen from water is largely driven by seasonal processes and dust storms that transport water directly to the upper atmosphere and that this has influenced the planet's climate.[499][500]
  • 16 November
    • Results of phase III trials of Moderna's mRNA vaccine are announced, the company claims to 94.5% reduction of COVID-19 cases based on interim results, including severe illnesses. The vaccine is easier to distribute than BNT162b2 as no ultra-cold storage is required.[501]
    • ALMA staff release a corrected version of the data used by other scientists in a study published on 14 September that claimed an apparent detection of phosphine in Venus' atmosphere. On the same day authors of this study publish a re-analysis as a preprint using the new data that concludes the planet-averaged PH3 abundance to be ≈7 times lower than what they detected with data of the previous ALMA processing, to vary by location and to be reconcilable with the JCMT detection of ≈20 times this abundance if substantially varying in time. They also respond to points raised in a preprint that challenged their conclusions in October and find that so far no other compound can explain the data.[502][503][504][505] ALMA is reported to be expected to restart in early 2021 after a shutdown due to the COVID-19 crisis and may enable further observations that could provide insights for the ongoing investigation.[504]
  • 18 November – Researchers report that CRISPR/Cas9, using a lipid nanoparticle delivery system, has been used to treat cancer effectively in a living animal for the first time.[506][507]
  • 21 November – Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich is launched into orbit, to monitor sea levels in higher detail than ever before. The satellite's resolution will allow measuring of water depths closer to the shore, which has long been an area of uncertainty.[508]
  • 23 November
30 November: The 50-year problem of protein structure prediction is reported to be largely solved with an AI algorithm.[515]

December

[edit]
Science Summary for this section (December)
1 December: the Arecibo telescope collapses.[531]
  • 1 December
    • The Arecibo telescope collapses after several hurricanes, storms, and earthquakes over the 2010s raised concerns over the stability of the Arecibo observatory and two cable breaks in August and November led teams of engineers to assess a high risk of collapse. One of the three teams determined there to be no safe way to repair the damage due to which the NSF announced the decision for a controlled decommissioning of the telescope on November 19, a few days before the collapse, which was challenged by scientists worldwide who, with a public petition subsequent to this announcement, asked for it to be repaired instead.[532][533] The telescope built in 1963 was Earth's largest single-aperture telescope until 2016 and the source technology for many significant scientific discoveries, SETI as well as of the 1974 Arecibo message.[532][531]
    • The Chinese experimental nuclear fusion reactor HL-2M is turned on for the first time, achieving its first plasma discharge.[534]
2 December: The world's first regulatory approval for a cultivated meat product is granted.[535] (Image shows other cultured meat)
2 December: Scientists confirm 2020 SO to be rocket booster space junk.[536]
8 December: Second successful retrieval of pristine asteroid-samples via Hayabusa2.[547]
11 December: the orbital motion for HD 106906 b may be useful for attempts to predict the semi-major axis of the hypothetical Solar System object called Planet Nine.[563]
16 December: Chinese Chang'e 5 spacecraft return the first lunar sample since 1976.[579]
18 December: News reports about the detection of candidate ETI radio signal, BLC1, apparently from the direction of Proxima Centauri, the closest star to the Sun.[583]
  • 18 December
    • Media outlets report that astronomers detected a radio signal, BLC1 (Breakthrough Listen Candidate 1), apparently coming from the direction of Proxima Centauri, the closest star to the Sun. Astronomers have stated that this and other, yet unpublished, signals, "are likely interference that we cannot fully explain" and that it could be the strongest candidate for an extraterrestrial radio signal since the "Wow! signal" of 1977.[583][584][585]
      • A paper by other astronomers released 10 days before the news report about BLC1 reports the detection of "a bright, long-duration optical flare, accompanied by a series of intense, coherent radio bursts" from Proxima Centauri also in April and May 2019. Their finding has not been put in direct relation to the BLC1 signal by scientists or media outlets so far but implies that planets around Proxima Centauri and other red dwarfs are likely to be rather uninhabitable for humans and other currently known organisms.[586][587][588]
    • Ecologists report that the driest and warmest sites of 32 tracked Brazilian non-Amazon tropical forests have moved from carbon sinks to carbon sources overall c.2013.[589][590]
    • Researchers report a deep learning approach to identify gene regulation at the single-cell level, which previously had been limited to tissue-level analysis.[591][592]
  • 21 December
  • 22 December
  • 23 December – A study finds that face masks reduce the risk of spreading large COVID-19-linked droplets when speaking or coughing by up to 99.9 percent.[605][606]
  • 30 December – Scientists report finding microvascular blood vessel damage in tissue samples of brains without any detected SARS-CoV-2 as well as olfactory bulbs from patients who died from COVID-19.[607][608][609]
  • 31 December – Scientists determine that desalination membranes are inconsistent in density and mass distribution, and show a way to increase efficiency in the membranes by up to 40%.[610][611]

Awards

[edit]
Main article: Lists of science and technology awards

Deaths

[edit]
Main articles: January–March 2020 in science § Deaths, and April–June 2020 in science § Deaths

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Hope probe: UAE launches historic first mission to Mars". BBC News. 19 July 2020. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  2. ^ a b "China's Tianwen-1 Mars rover rockets away from Earth". BBC News. 23 July 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
  3. ^ a b "NASA, ULA Launch Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover Mission to Red Planet". NASA. 30 July 2020. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
  4. ^ "LHCb discovers a new type of tetraquark at CERN". CERN. 1 July 2020. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
  5. ^ "First-of-Its-Kind Four Quark Particle Discovered at CERN". Interesting Engineering. 2 July 2020. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
  6. ^ collaboration, LHCb; Aaij, R.; Abellán Beteta, C.; Ackernley, T.; Adeva, B.; Adinolfi, M.; Afsharnia, H.; Aidala, C. A.; Aiola, S.; Ajaltouni, Z.; Akar, S.; Albrecht, J.; Alessio, F.; Alexander, M.; Alfonso Albero, A.; Aliouche, Z.; Alkhazov, G.; Alvarez Cartelle, P.; Alves Jr, A. A.; Amato, S.; Amhis, Y.; An, L.; Anderlini, L.; Andreassi, G.; Andreianov, A.; Andreotti, M.; Archilli, F.; Artamonov, A.; Artuso, M.; et al. (30 June 2020). "Observation of structure in the $J/\psi$-pair mass spectrum". Science Bulletin. 65 (23): 1983–1993. arXiv:2006.16957. Bibcode:2020SciBu..65.1983L. doi:10.1016/j.scib.2020.08.032. PMID 36659056. S2CID 220265852.
  7. ^ "Quantum fluctuations can jiggle objects on the human scale". phys.org. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
  8. ^ "LIGO reveals quantum correlations at work in mirrors weighing tens of kilograms". Physics World. 1 July 2020. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
  9. ^ Yu, Haocun; McCuller, L.; Tse, M.; Kijbunchoo, N.; Barsotti, L.; Mavalvala, N. (July 2020). "Quantum correlations between light and the kilogram-mass mirrors of LIGO". Nature. 583 (7814): 43–47. arXiv:2002.01519. Bibcode:2020Natur.583...43Y. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2420-8. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 32612226. S2CID 211031944.
  10. ^ "New, more infectious strain of COVID-19 now dominates global cases of virus: study". medicalxpress.com. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
  11. ^ Korber, Bette; Fischer, Will M.; Gnanakaran, Sandrasegaram; Yoon, Hyejin; Theiler, James; Abfalterer, Werner; Hengartner, Nick; Giorgi, Elena E.; Bhattacharya, Tanmoy; Foley, Brian; Hastie, Kathryn M.; Parker, Matthew D.; Partridge, David G.; Evans, Cariad M.; Freeman, Timothy M.; Silva, Thushan I. de; Angyal, Adrienne; Brown, Rebecca L.; Carrilero, Laura; Green, Luke R.; Groves, Danielle C.; Johnson, Katie J.; Keeley, Alexander J.; Lindsey, Benjamin B.; Parsons, Paul J.; Raza, Mohammad; Rowland-Jones, Sarah; Smith, Nikki; Tucker, Rachel M.; Wang, Dennis; Wyles, Matthew D.; McDanal, Charlene; Perez, Lautaro G.; Tang, Haili; Moon-Walker, Alex; Whelan, Sean P.; LaBranche, Celia C.; Saphire, Erica O.; Montefiori, David C. (2 July 2020). "Tracking Changes in SARS-CoV-2 Spike: Evidence that D614G Increases Infectivity of the COVID-19 Virus". Cell. 182 (4): 812–827.e19. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.043. ISSN 0092-8674. PMC 7332439. PMID 32697968.
  12. ^ a b "Certified 'sustainable' palm oil fields endanger mammal habitats and biodiverse tropical forests over 30 years". phys.org. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
  13. ^ Zimmer, Carl (4 July 2020). "DNA Linked to Covid-19 Was Inherited From Neanderthals, Study Finds - The stretch of six genes seems to increase the risk of severe illness from the coronavirus". New York Times. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
  14. ^ Zeberg, Hugo; Paabo, Svante (3 July 2020). "The major genetic risk factor for severe COVID-19 is inherited from Neandertals" (PDF). bioRxiv. doi:10.1101/2020.07.03.186296. hdl:21.11116/0000-0006-AB4F-2. S2CID 220366134.
  15. ^ "Crystal structure discovered almost 200 years ago could hold key to solar cell revolution". phys.org. Retrieved 4 July 2020.
  16. ^ Lin, Yen-Hung; Sakai, Nobuya; Da, Peimei; Wu, Jiaying; Sansom, Harry C.; Ramadan, Alexandra J.; Mahesh, Suhas; Liu, Junliang; Oliver, Robert D. J.; Lim, Jongchul; Aspitarte, Lee; Sharma, Kshama; Madhu, P. K.; Morales-Vilches, Anna B.; Nayak, Pabitra K.; Bai, Sai; Gao, Feng; Grovenor, Chris R. M.; Johnston, Michael B.; Labram, John G.; Durrant, James R.; Ball, James M.; Wenger, Bernard; Stannowski, Bernd; Snaith, Henry J. (2 July 2020). "A piperidinium salt stabilizes efficient metal-halide perovskite solar cells" (PDF). Science. 369 (6499): 96–102. Bibcode:2020Sci...369...96L. doi:10.1126/science.aba1628. hdl:10044/1/82840. PMID 32631893. S2CID 220304363.
  17. ^ Cazzolla Gatti, Roberto; Velichevskaya, Alena (10 November 2020). "Certified "sustainable" palm oil took the place of endangered Bornean and Sumatran large mammals habitat and tropical forests in the last 30 years". Science of the Total Environment. 742: 140712. Bibcode:2020ScTEn.742n0712C. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140712. ISSN 0048-9697. PMID 32721759. S2CID 220852123. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
  18. ^ McNeil Jr., Donald G. (4 July 2020). "The Pandemic's Big Mystery: How Deadly Is the Coronavirus? - Even with more than 500,000 dead worldwide, scientists are struggling to learn how often the virus kills. Here's why". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 July 2020.
  19. ^ Mandavilli, Apoorva (4 July 2020). "239 Experts With One Big Claim: The Coronavirus Is Airborne - The W.H.O. has resisted mounting evidence that viral particles floating indoors are infectious, some scientists say. The agency maintains the research is still inconclusive". The New York Times. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
  20. ^ Rabie, Passant (6 July 2020). "Astronomers Have Found The Source Of Life In The Universe". Inverse. Retrieved 7 July 2020.
  21. ^ Marigo, Paola; Cummings, Jeffrey D.; Curtis, Jason Lee; Kalirai, Jason; Chen, Yang; Tremblay, Pier-Emmanuel; Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico; Bergeron, Pierre; Bladh, Sara; Bressan, Alessandro; Girardi, Léo; Pastorelli, Giada; Trabucchi, Michele; Cheng, Sihao; Aringer, Bernhard; Tio, Piero Dal (6 July 2020). "Carbon star formation as seen through the non-monotonic initial–final mass relation". Nature Astronomy. 4 (11): 1102–1110. arXiv:2007.04163. Bibcode:2020NatAs...4.1102M. doi:10.1038/s41550-020-1132-1. S2CID 220403402.
  22. ^ "New video format 'halves data use of 4K and 8K TVs'". BBC News. 7 July 2020. Retrieved 9 July 2020.
  23. ^ "Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute HHI". newsletter.fraunhofer.de. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
  24. ^ "Simulations show magnetic field can change ~10 times faster than previously thought". phys.org. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
  25. ^ Davies, Christopher J.; Constable, Catherine G. (6 July 2020). "Rapid geomagnetic changes inferred from Earth observations and numerical simulations". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 3371. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.3371D. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-16888-0. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7338531. PMID 32632222.
  26. ^ "New cobalt-free lithium-ion battery reduces costs without sacrificing performance". EurekAlert!. 15 July 2020. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
  27. ^ Li, Wangda; Lee, Steven; Manthiram, Arumugam (2020). "High-Nickel NMA: A Cobalt-Free Alternative to NMC and NCA Cathodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries". Advanced Materials. 32 (33): 2002718. Bibcode:2020AdM....3202718L. doi:10.1002/adma.202002718. ISSN 1521-4095. PMID 32627875.
  28. ^ a b "Spider silk made by photosynthetic bacteria". phys.org. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
  29. ^ "Scientists warn of potential wave of COVID-linked brain damage". Reuters. 8 July 2020. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  30. ^ "Warning of serious brain disorders in people with mild coronavirus symptoms". The Guardian. 8 July 2020. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
  31. ^ "The powerhouses inside cells have been gene-edited for the first time". New Scientist. 8 July 2020. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
  32. ^ Mok, Beverly Y.; de Moraes, Marcos H.; Zeng, Jun; Bosch, Dustin E.; Kotrys, Anna V.; Raguram, Aditya; Hsu, FoSheng; Radey, Matthew C.; Peterson, S. Brook; Mootha, Vamsi K.; Mougous, Joseph D.; Liu, David R. (July 2020). "A bacterial cytidine deaminase toxin enables CRISPR-free mitochondrial base editing". Nature. 583 (7817): 631–637. Bibcode:2020Natur.583..631M. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2477-4. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 7381381. PMID 32641830.
  33. ^ Woodyatt, Amy. "Global temperatures could exceed crucial 1.5 C target in the next five years". CNN. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
  34. ^ "New climate predictions assess global temperatures in coming five years". World Meteorological Organization. 8 July 2020. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
  35. ^ Foong, Choon Pin; Higuchi-Takeuchi, Mieko; Malay, Ali D.; Oktaviani, Nur Alia; Thagun, Chonprakun; Numata, Keiji (8 July 2020). "A marine photosynthetic microbial cell factory as a platform for spider silk production". Communications Biology. 3 (1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 357. doi:10.1038/s42003-020-1099-6. ISSN 2399-3642. PMC 7343832. PMID 32641733.
  36. ^ "Applying rock dust to croplands could absorb up to 2 billion tonnes of CO2 from the atmosphere". phys.org. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
  37. ^ Beerling, David J.; Kantzas, Euripides P.; Lomas, Mark R.; Wade, Peter; Eufrasio, Rafael M.; Renforth, Phil; Sarkar, Binoy; Andrews, M. Grace; James, Rachael H.; Pearce, Christopher R.; Mercure, Jean-Francois; Pollitt, Hector; Holden, Philip B.; Edwards, Neil R.; Khanna, Madhu; Koh, Lenny; Quegan, Shaun; Pidgeon, Nick F.; Janssens, Ivan A.; Hansen, James; Banwart, Steven A. (July 2020). "Potential for large-scale CO 2 removal via enhanced rock weathering with croplands". Nature. 583 (7815): 242–248. Bibcode:2020Natur.583..242B. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2448-9. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 32641817. S2CID 220417075. Archived from the original on 16 July 2020. Retrieved 16 August 2020. Alt URL
  38. ^ "Researchers build robot scientist that has already discovered a new catalyst". phys.org. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
  39. ^ Burger, Benjamin; Maffettone, Phillip M.; Gusev, Vladimir V.; Aitchison, Catherine M.; Bai, Yang; Wang, Xiaoyan; Li, Xiaobo; Alston, Ben M.; Li, Buyi; Clowes, Rob; Rankin, Nicola; Harris, Brandon; Sprick, Reiner Sebastian; Cooper, Andrew I. (July 2020). "A mobile robotic chemist". Nature. 583 (7815): 237–241. Bibcode:2020Natur.583..237B. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2442-2. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 32641813. S2CID 220420261. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
  40. ^ "WHO reverses, says COVID-19 can be airborne indoors". The Hill. 9 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
  41. ^ "Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: implications for infection prevention precautions". WHO. 9 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
  42. ^ a b "Researchers find younger age for Earth's moon". phys.org. 13 July 2020. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
  43. ^ Overbye, Dennis (10 July 2020). "Beyond the Milky Way, a Galactic Wall - Astronomers have discovered a vast assemblage of galaxies hidden behind our own, in the "zone of avoidance."". The New York Times. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
  44. ^ Pomerede, D.; et al. (January 2020). "The South Pole Wall". Harvard University. p. 453.01. Bibcode:2020AAS...23545301P.
  45. ^ Mann, Adam (10 July 2020). "Astronomers discover South Pole Wall, a gigantic structure stretching 1.4 billion light-years across". Live Science. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
  46. ^ Pomarède, Daniel; et al. (10 July 2020). "Cosmicflows-3: The South Pole Wall". The Astrophysical Journal. 897 (2): 133. arXiv:2007.04414. Bibcode:2020ApJ...897..133P. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab9952. S2CID 220425419.
  47. ^ "A 'regime shift' is happening in the Arctic Ocean, scientists say". phys.org. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
  48. ^ Lewis, K. M.; Dijken, G. L. van; Arrigo, K. R. (10 July 2020). "Changes in phytoplankton concentration now drive increased Arctic Ocean primary production". Science. 369 (6500): 198–202. doi:10.1126/science.aay8380. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 32647002. S2CID 220433818. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
  49. ^ Lennon, Annie (13 July 2020). "Earth's Moon Had Magma Ocean for 200 Million Years". LabRoots. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
  50. ^ Maurice, M.; Tosi, N.; Schwinger, S.; Breuer, D.; Kleine, T. (10 July 2020). "A long-lived magma ocean on a young Moon". Science Advances. 6 (28): eaba8949. Bibcode:2020SciA....6.8949M. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aba8949. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 7351470. PMID 32695879. S2CID 220478630.
  51. ^ a b "New solar material could clean drinking water". phys.org. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
  52. ^ Singh, Subhash C.; ElKabbash, Mohamed; Li, Zilong; Li, Xiaohan; Regmi, Bhabesh; Madsen, Matthew; Jalil, Sohail A.; Zhan, Zhibing; Zhang, Jihua; Guo, Chunlei (13 July 2020). "Solar-trackable super-wicking black metal panel for photothermal water sanitation". Nature Sustainability. 3 (11): 938–946. doi:10.1038/s41893-020-0566-x. ISSN 2398-9629. S2CID 220505911.
  53. ^ "Scientists achieve first complete assembly of human X chromosome". phys.org. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
  54. ^ Miga, Karen H.; Koren, Sergey; Rhie, Arang; Vollger, Mitchell R.; Gershman, Ariel; Bzikadze, Andrey; Brooks, Shelise; Howe, Edmund; Porubsky, David; Logsdon, Glennis A.; Schneider, Valerie A.; Potapova, Tamara; Wood, Jonathan; Chow, William; Armstrong, Joel; Fredrickson, Jeanne; Pak, Evgenia; Tigyi, Kristof; Kremitzki, Milinn; Markovic, Christopher; Maduro, Valerie; Dutra, Amalia; Bouffard, Gerard G.; Chang, Alexander M.; Hansen, Nancy F.; Wilfert, Amy B.; Thibaud-Nissen, Françoise; Schmitt, Anthony D.; Belton, Jon-Matthew; Selvaraj, Siddarth; Dennis, Megan Y.; Soto, Daniela C.; Sahasrabudhe, Ruta; Kaya, Gulhan; Quick, Josh; Loman, Nicholas J.; Holmes, Nadine; Loose, Matthew; Surti, Urvashi; Risques, Rosa ana; Lindsay, Tina A. Graves; Fulton, Robert; Hall, Ira; Paten, Benedict; Howe, Kerstin; Timp, Winston; Young, Alice; Mullikin, James C.; Pevzner, Pavel A.; Gerton, Jennifer L.; Sullivan, Beth A.; Eichler, Evan E.; Phillippy, Adam M. (14 July 2020). "Telomere-to-telomere assembly of a complete human X chromosome". Nature. 585 (7823): 79–84. Bibcode:2020Natur.585...79M. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2547-7. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 7484160. PMID 32663838. S2CID 220516572.
  55. ^ a b "Methane Emissions Continue to Rise". earthobservatory.nasa.gov. 14 July 2020. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
  56. ^ "Bacteria with a metal diet discovered in dirty glassware". phys.org. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
  57. ^ Woodyatt, Amy. "Bacteria that eats metal accidentally discovered by scientists". CNN. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
  58. ^ Yu, Hang; Leadbetter, Jared R. (July 2020). "Bacterial chemolithoautotrophy via manganese oxidation". Nature. 583 (7816): 453–458. Bibcode:2020Natur.583..453Y. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2468-5. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 7802741. PMID 32669693. S2CID 220541911.
  59. ^ "Global methane emissions soar to record high". phys.org. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
  60. ^ Jackson, R B; Saunois, M; Bousquet, P; Canadell, J G; Poulter, B; Stavert, A R; Bergamaschi, P; Niwa, Y; Segers, A; Tsuruta, A (14 July 2020). "Increasing anthropogenic methane emissions arise equally from agricultural and fossil fuel sources". Environmental Research Letters. 15 (7): 071002. Bibcode:2020ERL....15g1002J. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ab9ed2. ISSN 1748-9326.
  61. ^ Saunois, Marielle; Stavert, Ann R.; Poulter, Ben; Bousquet, Philippe; Canadell, Josep G.; Jackson, Robert B.; Raymond, Peter A.; Dlugokencky, Edward J.; Houweling, Sander; Patra, Prabir K.; Ciais, Philippe; Arora, Vivek K.; Bastviken, David; Bergamaschi, Peter; Blake, Donald R.; Brailsford, Gordon; Bruhwiler, Lori; Carlson, Kimberly M.; Carrol, Mark; Castaldi, Simona; Chandra, Naveen; Crevoisier, Cyril; Crill, Patrick M.; Covey, Kristofer; Curry, Charles L.; Etiope, Giuseppe; Frankenberg, Christian; Gedney, Nicola; Hegglin, Michaela I.; et al. (15 July 2020). "The Global Methane Budget 2000–2017". Earth System Science Data. 12 (3): 1561–1623. Bibcode:2020ESSD...12.1561S. doi:10.5194/essd-12-1561-2020. hdl:1721.1/124698. ISSN 1866-3508. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
  62. ^ a b "Blood iron levels could be key to slowing ageing, gene study shows". phys.org. Retrieved 18 August 2020.
  63. ^ Timmers, Paul R. H. J.; Wilson, James F.; Joshi, Peter K.; Deelen, Joris (16 July 2020). "Multivariate genomic scan implicates novel loci and haem metabolism in human ageing". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 3570. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.3570T. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-17312-3. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7366647. PMID 32678081.
  64. ^ "Researchers discover 2 paths of aging and new insights on promoting healthspan". phys.org. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
  65. ^ Li, Yang; Jiang, Yanfei; Paxman, Julie; O'Laughlin, Richard; Klepin, Stephen; Zhu, Yuelian; Pillus, Lorraine; Tsimring, Lev S.; Hasty, Jeff; Hao, Nan (2020). "A programmable fate decision landscape underlies single-cell aging in yeast". Science. 369 (6501): 325–329. Bibcode:2020Sci...369..325L. doi:10.1126/science.aax9552. PMC 7437498. PMID 32675375.
  66. ^ "Largest-ever 3D map of the universe released by scientists". Sky News. Retrieved 18 August 2020.
  67. ^ "No need to Mind the Gap: Astrophysicists fill in 11 billion years of our universe's expansion history". SDSS. Retrieved 18 August 2020.
  68. ^ a b Wall, Mike (22 July 2020). "Multiplanet system around sunlike star photographed for 1st time ever - The two newly imaged planets are huge — 14 and 6 times more massive than Jupiter". Space.com. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  69. ^ a b Carrington, Damian (21 July 2020). "First active leak of sea-bed methane discovered in Antarctica". The Guardian. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
  70. ^ Bohn, Alexander; et al. (22 July 2020). "Two Directly Imaged, Wide-orbit Giant Planets around the Young, Solar Analog TYC 8998-760-1" (PDF). The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 898 (1): L16. arXiv:2007.10991. Bibcode:2020ApJ...898L..16B. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/aba27e. S2CID 220686536.
  71. ^ "Earliest evidence for humans in the Americas". BBC News. 22 July 2020. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  72. ^ Ardelean, Ciprian F.; Becerra-Valdivia, Lorena; Pedersen, Mikkel Winther; Schwenninger, Jean-Luc; Oviatt, Charles G.; Macías-Quintero, Juan I.; Arroyo-Cabrales, Joaquin; Sikora, Martin; Ocampo-Díaz, Yam Zul E.; Rubio-Cisneros, Igor I.; Watling, Jennifer G.; de Medeiros, Vanda B.; De Oliveira, Paulo E.; Barba-Pingarón, Luis; Ortiz-Butrón, Agustín; Blancas-Vázquez, Jorge; Rivera-González, Irán; Solís-Rosales, Corina; Rodríguez-Ceja, María; Gandy, Devlin A.; Navarro-Gutierrez, Zamara; De La Rosa-Díaz, Jesús J.; Huerta-Arellano, Vladimir; Marroquín-Fernández, Marco B.; Martínez-Riojas, L. Martin; López-Jiménez, Alejandro; Higham, Thomas; Willerslev, Eske (August 2020). "Evidence of human occupation in Mexico around the Last Glacial Maximum". Nature. 584 (7819): 87–92. Bibcode:2020Natur.584...87A. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2509-0. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 32699412. S2CID 220697089. Retrieved 18 August 2020.
  73. ^ Thurber, Andrew R.; Seabrook, Sarah; Welsh, Rory M. (29 July 2020). "Riddles in the cold: Antarctic endemism and microbial succession impact methane cycling in the Southern Ocean". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 287 (1931): 20201134. doi:10.1098/rspb.2020.1134. PMC 7423672. PMID 32693727.
  74. ^ "Chemists make tough plastics recyclable". phys.org. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
  75. ^ Shieh, Peyton; Zhang, Wenxu; Husted, Keith E. L.; Kristufek, Samantha L.; Xiong, Boya; Lundberg, David J.; Lem, Jet; Veysset, David; Sun, Yuchen; Nelson, Keith A.; Plata, Desiree L.; Johnson, Jeremiah A. (July 2020). "Cleavable comonomers enable degradable, recyclable thermoset plastics". Nature. 583 (7817): 542–547. Bibcode:2020Natur.583..542S. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2495-2. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 7384294. PMID 32699399.
  76. ^ "Sharks almost gone from many reefs". phys.org. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
  77. ^ MacNeil, M. Aaron; Chapman, Demian D.; Heupel, Michelle; Simpfendorfer, Colin A.; Heithaus, Michael; Meekan, Mark; Harvey, Euan; Goetze, Jordan; Kiszka, Jeremy; Bond, Mark E.; Currey-Randall, Leanne M.; Speed, Conrad W.; Sherman, C. Samantha; Rees, Matthew J.; Udyawer, Vinay; Flowers, Kathryn I.; Clementi, Gina; Valentin-Albanese, Jasmine; Gorham, Taylor; Adam, M. Shiham; Ali, Khadeeja; Pina-Amargós, Fabián; Angulo-Valdés, Jorge A.; Asher, Jacob; Barcia, Laura García; Beaufort, Océane; Benjamin, Cecilie; Bernard, Anthony T. F.; Berumen, Michael L.; et al. (July 2020). "Global status and conservation potential of reef sharks". Nature. 583 (7818): 801–806. Bibcode:2020Natur.583..801M. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2519-y. hdl:10754/664495. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 32699418. S2CID 220696105. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
  78. ^ "Paper describing hummingbird-sized dinosaur retracted". phys.org. Retrieved 18 August 2020.
  79. ^ Xing, Lida; O’Connor, Jingmai K.; Schmitz, Lars; Chiappe, Luis M.; McKellar, Ryan C.; Yi, Qiru; Li, Gang (22 July 2020). "Retraction Note: Hummingbird-sized dinosaur from the Cretaceous period of Myanmar". Nature. 584 (7822): 652. Bibcode:2020Natur.584..652X. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2553-9. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 32699407. S2CID 220715846.
  80. ^ Lin, Dacheng (25 July 2020). "ATel #13895: ASASSN-20hx is a Hard Tidal Disruption Event Candidate". The Astronomer's Telegram. Retrieved 25 July 2020.
  81. ^ Hinkle, J.T.; et al. (24 July 2020). "Atel #13893: Classification of ASASSN-20hx as a Tidal Disruption Event Candidate". The Astronomer's Telegram. Retrieved 24 July 2020.
  82. ^ Lancaster University (24 July 2020). "Sci-fi foretold social media, Uber and Augmented Reality, offers insights into the future - Science fiction authors can help predict future consumer patterns". EurekAlert!. Retrieved 26 July 2020.
  83. ^ Ryder, Mike (26 July 2020). Citizen robots:biopolitics, the computer, and the Vietnam period. Lancaster University (phd). Lancaster University. Retrieved 26 July 2020.
  84. ^ Ryder, M.J. (23 July 2020). "Lessons from science fiction: Frederik Pohl and the robot prosumer" (PDF). Journal of Consumer Culture. 22: 246–263. doi:10.1177/1469540520944228.
  85. ^ "Machine learning reveals recipe for building artificial proteins". phys.org. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
  86. ^ Russ, William P.; Figliuzzi, Matteo; Stocker, Christian; Barrat-Charlaix, Pierre; Socolich, Michael; Kast, Peter; Hilvert, Donald; Monasson, Remi; Cocco, Simona; Weigt, Martin; Ranganathan, Rama (2020). "An evolution-based model for designing chorismatemutase enzymes". Science. 369 (6502): 440–445. Bibcode:2020Sci...369..440R. doi:10.1126/science.aba3304. PMID 32703877. S2CID 220714458.
  87. ^ "Artificial intelligence identifies prostate cancer with near-perfect accuracy". EurekAlert!. 27 July 2020. Retrieved 29 July 2020.
  88. ^ Pantanowitz, Liron; Quiroga-Garza, Gabriela M.; Bien, Lilach; Heled, Ronen; Laifenfeld, Daphna; Linhart, Chaim; Sandbank, Judith; Albrecht Shach, Anat; Shalev, Varda; Vecsler, Manuela; Michelow, Pamela; Hazelhurst, Scott; Dhir, Rajiv (1 August 2020). "An artificial intelligence algorithm for prostate cancer diagnosis in whole slide images of core needle biopsies: a blinded clinical validation and deployment study". The Lancet Digital Health. 2 (8): e407 – e416. doi:10.1016/S2589-7500(20)30159-X. ISSN 2589-7500. PMID 33328045.
  89. ^ a b Wu, Katherine J. (28 July 2020). "These Microbes May Have Survived 100 Million Years Beneath the Seafloor - Rescued from their cold, cramped and nutrient-poor homes, the bacteria awoke in the lab and grew". The New York Times. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
  90. ^ Morono, Yuki; et al. (28 July 2020). "Aerobic microbial life persists in oxic marine sediment as old as 101.5 million years". Nature Communications. 11 (3626): 3626. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.3626M. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-17330-1. PMC 7387439. PMID 32724059.
  91. ^ "World's largest nuclear fusion project begins assembly in France". The Guardian. 28 July 2020. Retrieved 28 July 2020.
  92. ^ a b "Nobel prize-winning work is concentrated in minority of scientific fields". phys.org. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
  93. ^ "NA62 experiment at CERN reports first evidence for ultra-rare process that could lead to new physics". phys.org. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
  94. ^ "'Fool's gold' may be valuable after all". phys.org. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
  95. ^ Walter, Jeff; Voigt, Bryan; Day-Roberts, Ezra; Heltemes, Kei; Fernandes, Rafael M.; Birol, Turan; Leighton, Chris (1 July 2020). "Voltage-induced ferromagnetism in a diamagnet". Science Advances. 6 (31): eabb7721. Bibcode:2020SciA....6.7721W. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abb7721. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 7439324. PMID 32832693. S2CID 220938415.
  96. ^ Ioannidis, John P. A.; Cristea, Ioana-Alina; Boyack, Kevin W. (29 July 2020). "Work honored by Nobel prizes clusters heavily in a few scientific fields". PLOS ONE. 15 (7): e0234612. Bibcode:2020PLoSO..1534612I. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0234612. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 7390258. PMID 32726312.
  97. ^ "Mystery solved: Scientists trace source of Stonehenge boulders". phys.org. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
  98. ^ Nash, David J.; Ciborowski, T. Jake R.; Ullyott, J. Stewart; Pearson, Mike Parker; Darvill, Timothy; Greaney, Susan; Maniatis, Georgios; Whitaker, Katy A. (1 July 2020). "Origins of the sarsen megaliths at Stonehenge". Science Advances. 6 (31): eabc0133. Bibcode:2020SciA....6..133N. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abc0133. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 7439454. PMID 32832694. S2CID 220937543.
  99. ^ "Canadian ice caps disappear, confirming 2017 scientific prediction". phys.org. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
  100. ^ "Texas cave sediment upends meteorite explanation for global cooling". phys.org. Retrieved 18 August 2020.
  101. ^ Sun, N.; Brandon, A. D.; Forman, S. L.; Waters, M. R.; Befus, K. S. (1 July 2020). "Volcanic origin for Younger Dryas geochemical anomalies ca. 12,900 cal B.P." Science Advances. 6 (31): eaax8587. Bibcode:2020SciA....6.8587S. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aax8587. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 7399481. PMID 32789166.
  102. ^ a b "Fires in Brazil's Amazon rainforest surge in July, worst in recent days". Reuters. 7 August 2020. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
  103. ^ "A New Tool for Tracking Amazon Fires". earthobservatory.nasa.gov. 19 August 2020. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
  104. ^ "Brazilian Amazon protected areas 'in flames' as land-grabbers invade". Mongabay Environmental News. 7 August 2020. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
  105. ^ Pedroso, Rodrigo; Reverdosa, Marcia. "Bolsonaro says reports of Amazon fires are a 'lie.' Evidence says otherwise". CNN. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
  106. ^ "Scientists discover new vulnerability in coronavirus". cnbctv18.com. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
  107. ^ "Research exposes new vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2". phys.org. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
  108. ^ Qiao, Baofu; Olvera de la Cruz, Monica (25 August 2020). "Enhanced Binding of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein to Receptor by Distal Polybasic Cleavage Sites". ACS Nano. 14 (8): 10616–10623. doi:10.1021/acsnano.0c04798. ISSN 1936-0851. PMC 7409923. PMID 32806067. S2CID 221008555.
  109. ^ "Early Mars was covered in ice sheets, not flowing rivers: study". phys.org. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
  110. ^ Crane, Leah. "Ancient valleys on Mars may have been carved by glaciers". New Scientist. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
  111. ^ Grau Galofre, Anna; Jellinek, A. Mark; Osinski, Gordon R. (3 August 2020). "Valley formation on early Mars by subglacial and fluvial erosion". Nature Geoscience. 13 (10): 663–668. Bibcode:2020NatGe..13..663G. doi:10.1038/s41561-020-0618-x. ISSN 1752-0908. S2CID 220939044. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
  112. ^ "CERN experiments announce first indications of a rare Higgs boson process". Phys.org. 4 August 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
  113. ^ Starr, Michelle (28 August 2020). "There's a Strange Glow in The Centre of Our Galaxy, And It's Not What We Thought It Was". ScienceAlert.com. Retrieved 28 August 2020.
  114. ^ Abazajian, Kevork N.; et al. (4 August 2020). "Strong constraints on thermal relic dark matter from Fermi-LAT observations of the Galactic Center". Physical Review D. 102 (43012): 043012. arXiv:2003.10416. Bibcode:2020PhRvD.102d3012A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.102.043012. S2CID 214611884.
  115. ^ "Throng of new penguin colonies in Antarctica spotted from space". The Guardian. 5 August 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
  116. ^ "Scientists discover new penguin colonies from space". British Antarctic Survey. 5 August 2020. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
  117. ^ Weston, Phoebe (5 August 2020). "New Guinea has greatest plant diversity of any island in the world, study reveals". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  118. ^ a b Cámara-Leret, Rodrigo; Frodin, David G.; Adema, Frits; Anderson, Christiane; Appelhans, Marc S.; Argent, George; Arias Guerrero, Susana; Ashton, Peter; Baker, William J.; Barfod, Anders S.; Barrington, David (August 2020). "New Guinea has the world's richest island flora". Nature. 584 (7822): 579–583. Bibcode:2020Natur.584..579C. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2549-5. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 32760001. S2CID 220980697.
  119. ^ Warburton, Moira (6 August 2020). "Canada's last fully intact Arctic ice shelf collapses". Reuters. Retrieved 11 September 2020.
  120. ^ "Canada's last fully intact Arctic ice shelf collapses". Arctic Today. 7 August 2020. Retrieved 9 August 2020.
  121. ^ "Chemists create the brightest-ever fluorescent materials". phys.org. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
  122. ^ "Scientists create the brightest fluorescent materials in existence". New Atlas. 7 August 2020. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
  123. ^ "Scientists create 'brightest known materials in existence'". www.independent.co.uk. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
  124. ^ Benson, Christopher R.; Kacenauskaite, Laura; VanDenburgh, Katherine L.; Zhao, Wei; Qiao, Bo; Sadhukhan, Tumpa; Pink, Maren; Chen, Junsheng; Borgi, Sina; Chen, Chun-Hsing; Davis, Brad J.; Simon, Yoan C.; Raghavachari, Krishnan; Laursen, Bo W.; Flood, Amar H. (6 August 2020). "Plug-and-Play Optical Materials from Fluorescent Dyes and Macrocycles". Chem. 6 (8): 1978–1997. doi:10.1016/j.chempr.2020.06.029. ISSN 2451-9294.
  125. ^ "DNA from an ancient, unidentified ancestor was passed down to humans living today". phys.org. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
  126. ^ Hubisz, Melissa J.; Williams, Amy L.; Siepel, Adam (6 August 2020). "Mapping gene flow between ancient hominins through demography-aware inference of the ancestral recombination graph". PLOS Genetics. 16 (8): e1008895. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1008895. ISSN 1553-7404. PMC 7410169. PMID 32760067.
  127. ^ Jablonski, Nina G.; et al. (6 August 2020). "Mesopithecus pentelicus from Zhaotong, China, the easternmost representative of a widespread Miocene cercopithecoid species". Journal of Human Evolution. 145: 102851. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102851. PMID 32771770.
  128. ^ "Lockdown emissions fall will have 'no effect' on climate". phys.org. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
  129. ^ Forster, Piers M.; Forster, Harriet I.; Evans, Mat J.; Gidden, Matthew J.; Jones, Chris D.; Keller, Christoph A.; Lamboll, Robin D.; Quéré, Corinne Le; Rogelj, Joeri; Rosen, Deborah; Schleussner, Carl-Friedrich; Richardson, Thomas B.; Smith, Christopher J.; Turnock, Steven T. (7 August 2020). "Current and future global climate impacts resulting from COVID-19". Nature Climate Change. 10 (10): 913–919. Bibcode:2020NatCC..10..913F. doi:10.1038/s41558-020-0883-0. ISSN 1758-6798. S2CID 221019148.
  130. ^ "Russia wants to build its own reusable rocket, Roscosmos chief says". www.digitaltrends.com. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
  131. ^ "Russia wants to return to Venus, build reusable rocket". phys.org. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
  132. ^ "Russia plans to send mission to Venus". TASS. Retrieved 16 September 2020.
  133. ^ Helmore, Edward (8 August 2020). "Nasa to change 'harmful' and insensitive' planet and galaxy nicknames". news.yahoo.com. The Guardian. Retrieved 9 August 2020.
  134. ^ a b McCartney, Gretchen; JHautaluoma, Grey; Johnson, Alana (10 August 2020). "Mystery Solved: Bright Areas on Ceres Come From Salty Water Below". NASA. Retrieved 10 August 2020.
  135. ^ McCartney, Gretchen (11 August 2020). "Mystery solved: Bright areas on Ceres come from salty water below". Phys.org. Retrieved 11 August 2020.
  136. ^ "Neuroscientists demonstrate how to improve communication between different regions of the brain". medicalxpress.com. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
  137. ^ Rezaei, Hedyeh; Aertsen, Ad; Kumar, Arvind; Valizadeh, Alireza (10 August 2020). "Facilitating the propagation of spiking activity in feedforward networks by including feedback". PLOS Computational Biology. 16 (8): e1008033. Bibcode:2020PLSCB..16E8033R. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008033. ISSN 1553-7358. PMC 7444537. PMID 32776924. S2CID 221100528.
  138. ^ "Coronavirus: Putin says vaccine has been approved for use". BBC News. 11 August 2020. Retrieved 11 August 2020.
  139. ^ Sagdiev, Rinat; Ivanova, Polina (17 November 2020). "RPT-EXCLUSIVE-Russia focuses on freeze-dried vaccine doses as transport fix". Reuters. Retrieved 31 December 2020.
  140. ^ "Fastest-ever star discovered orbiting Milky Way's supermassive black hole". 11 August 2020.
  141. ^ Peißker, Florian; Eckart, Andreas; Zajaček, Michal; Ali, Basel; Parsa, Marzieh (11 August 2020). "S62 and S4711: Indications of a Population of Faint Fast-moving Stars inside the S2 Orbit—S4711 on a 7.6 yr Orbit around Sgr A*". The Astrophysical Journal. 899 (1): 50. arXiv:2008.04764. Bibcode:2020ApJ...899...50P. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab9c1c. S2CID 221095771.
  142. ^ "Last decade was Earth's hottest on record as climate crisis accelerates". The Guardian. 12 August 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  143. ^ "State of the Climate". American Meteorological Society. 12 August 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
  144. ^ "Microbes living on air a global phenomenon". phys.org. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  145. ^ "Bacteria that "eat" only air found in cold deserts around the world". New Atlas. 19 August 2020. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  146. ^ Ray, Angelique E.; Zhang, Eden; Terauds, Aleks; Ji, Mukan; Kong, Weidong; Ferrari, Belinda C. (2020). "Soil Microbiomes With the Genetic Capacity for Atmospheric Chemosynthesis Are Widespread Across the Poles and Are Associated With Moisture, Carbon, and Nitrogen Limitation". Frontiers in Microbiology. 11: 1936. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.01936. ISSN 1664-302X. PMC 7437527. PMID 32903524. S2CID 221105556.
  147. ^ a b "Warming Greenland ice sheet passes point of no return". EurekAlert!. 13 August 2020. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
  148. ^ University of Southern California (13 August 2020). "USC scientists identify the order of COVID-19's symptoms - The scientists at USC Michelson Center note that knowing the order of symptoms for the coronavirus will help doctors with diagnosis and treatment, and may even help patients decide to seek care or quarantine". EurekAlert!. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
  149. ^ Larsen, Joseph R.; et al. (13 August 2020). "Modeling the Onset of Symptoms of COVID-19". Frontiers in Public Health. 8: 473. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2020.00473. PMC 7438535. PMID 32903584. S2CID 221105179.
  150. ^ Overbye, Dennis (14 August 2020). "This Star Looked Like It Would Explode. Maybe It Just Sneezed - The mysterious dimming of the red supergiant Betelgeuse is the result of a stellar exhalation, astronomers say". The New York Times. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
  151. ^ "Hubble Finds That Betelgeuse's Mysterious Dimming Is Due to a Traumatic Outburst". NASA. 13 August 2020. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
  152. ^ Dupree, Adrea K.; et al. (13 August 2020). "Spatially Resolved Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of the Great Dimming of Betelgeuse". The Astrophysical Journal. 899 (1): 68. arXiv:2008.04945. Bibcode:2020ApJ...899...68D. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aba516. S2CID 221103735.
  153. ^ Sigismondi, Costantino; et al. (30 August 2020). "ATel #13982: Second dust cloud on Betelgeuse". The Astronomer's Telegram. Retrieved 31 August 2020.
  154. ^ "UChicago scientists discover way to make quantum states last 10,000 times longer". Argonne National Laboratory. 13 August 2020. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
  155. ^ Miao, Kevin C.; Blanton, Joseph P.; Anderson, Christopher P.; Bourassa, Alexandre; Crook, Alexander L.; Wolfowicz, Gary; Abe, Hiroshi; Ohshima, Takeshi; Awschalom, David D. (12 May 2020). "Universal coherence protection in a solid-state spin qubit". Science. 369 (6510): 1493–1497. arXiv:2005.06082v1. Bibcode:2020Sci...369.1493M. doi:10.1126/science.abc5186. PMID 32792463. S2CID 218613907.
  156. ^ "Assessing the Global Climate in July 2020". NOAA. 13 August 2020. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
  157. ^ "Warming Greenland ice sheet passes point of no return". Ohio State University. 13 August 2020. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
  158. ^ King, Michalea D.; Howat, Ian M.; Candela, Salvatore G.; Noh, Myoung J.; Jeong, Seongsu; Noël, Brice P. Y.; van den Broeke, Michiel R.; Wouters, Bert; Negrete, Adelaide (13 August 2020). "Dynamic ice loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet driven by sustained glacier retreat". Communications Earth & Environment. 1 (1): 1–7. Bibcode:2020ComEE...1....1K. doi:10.1038/s43247-020-0001-2. ISSN 2662-4435. S2CID 221129437.
  159. ^ "200,000 years ago, humans preferred to sleep in beds". phys.org. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
  160. ^ "The oldest known grass beds from 200,000 years ago included insect repellents". Science News. 13 August 2020. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
  161. ^ Wadley, Lyn; Esteban, Irene; Peña, Paloma de la; Wojcieszak, Marine; Stratford, Dominic; Lennox, Sandra; d’Errico, Francesco; Rosso, Daniela Eugenia; Orange, François; Backwell, Lucinda; Sievers, Christine (14 August 2020). "Fire and grass-bedding construction 200 thousand years ago at Border Cave, South Africa". Science. 369 (6505): 863–866. Bibcode:2020Sci...369..863W. doi:10.1126/science.abc7239. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 32792402. S2CID 221113832. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
  162. ^ Clavin, Whitney (18 August 2020). "ZTF Finds Closest Known Asteroid to Fly By Earth". Caltech. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
  163. ^ "MPEC 2020-Q51 : 2020 QG". www.minorplanetcenter.net. Retrieved 11 September 2020.
  164. ^ Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (17 August 2020). "Scientists determine 'Oumuamua isn't made from molecular hydrogen ice after all". Phys.org. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
  165. ^ Hoang, Thiem; Loeb, Abraham (17 August 2020). "Destruction of Molecular Hydrogen Ice and Implications for 1I/2017 U1 ('Oumuamua)". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 899 (2): L23. arXiv:2006.08088. Bibcode:2020ApJ...899L..23H. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/abab0c. S2CID 219687520.
  166. ^ Letzer, Ran (19 August 2020). "Interstellar visitor 'Oumuamua could still be alien technology, new study hints - Aliens? Or a chunk of solid hydrogen? Which idea makes less sense?". Live Science. Retrieved 21 August 2020.
  167. ^ Merali, Zeeya (17 August 2020). "This Twist on Schrödinger's Cat Paradox Has Major Implications for Quantum Theory - A laboratory demonstration of the classic "Wigner's friend" thought experiment could overturn cherished assumptions about reality". Scientific American. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
  168. ^ Musser, George (17 August 2020). "Quantum paradox points to shaky foundations of reality". Science Magazine. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
  169. ^ Bong, Kok-Wei; et al. (17 August 2020). "A strong no-go theorem on the Wigner's friend paradox". Nature Physics. 27 (12): 1199–1205. arXiv:1907.05607. Bibcode:2020NatPh..16.1199B. doi:10.1038/s41567-020-0990-x. S2CID 216604536.
  170. ^ Wong, Kate. "How Birds Evolved Their Incredible Diversity". Scientific American. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
  171. ^ Felice, Ryan N.; Watanabe, Akinobu; Cuff, Andrew R.; Hanson, Michael; Bhullar, Bhart-Anjan S.; Rayfield, Emily R.; Witmer, Lawrence M.; Norell, Mark A.; Goswami, Anjali (18 August 2020). "Decelerated dinosaur skull evolution with the origin of birds". PLOS Biology. 18 (8): e3000801. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000801. ISSN 1545-7885. PMC 7437466. PMID 32810126.
  172. ^ "World record: Plasma accelerator operates right around the clock". phys.org. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
  173. ^ "Rekord: Längster Lauf eines Plasmabeschleunigers". scinexx | Das Wissensmagazin (in German). 21 August 2020. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
  174. ^ "Important Milestone Reached on the Road to Future Particle Accelerators". AZoM.com. 20 August 2020. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
  175. ^ "Plasma accelerators could overcome size limitations of Large Hadron Collider". phys.org. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
  176. ^ Maier, Andreas R.; Delbos, Niels M.; Eichner, Timo; Hübner, Lars; Jalas, Sören; Jeppe, Laurids; Jolly, Spencer W.; Kirchen, Manuel; Leroux, Vincent; Messner, Philipp; Schnepp, Matthias; Trunk, Maximilian; Walker, Paul A.; Werle, Christian; Winkler, Paul (18 August 2020). "Decoding Sources of Energy Variability in a Laser-Plasma Accelerator". Physical Review X. 10 (3): 031039. Bibcode:2020PhRvX..10c1039M. doi:10.1103/PhysRevX.10.031039.
  177. ^ "Food from the sea: Sustainably managed fisheries and the future". phys.org. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
  178. ^ Costello, Christopher; Cao, Ling; Gelcich, Stefan; Cisneros-Mata, Miguel Á; Free, Christopher M.; Froehlich, Halley E.; Golden, Christopher D.; Ishimura, Gakushi; Maier, Jason; Macadam-Somer, Ilan; Mangin, Tracey; Melnychuk, Michael C.; Miyahara, Masanori; de Moor, Carryn L.; Naylor, Rosamond; Nøstbakken, Linda; Ojea, Elena; O’Reilly, Erin; Parma, Ana M.; Plantinga, Andrew J.; Thilsted, Shakuntala H.; Lubchenco, Jane (19 August 2020). "The future of food from the sea". Nature. 588 (7836): 95–100. Bibcode:2020Natur.588...95C. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2616-y. hdl:11093/1616. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 32814903. S2CID 221179212.
  179. ^ "Alaska's salmon are getting smaller, affecting people and ecosystems". phys.org. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
  180. ^ Oke, K. B.; Cunningham, C. J.; Westley, P. a. H.; Baskett, M. L.; Carlson, S. M.; Clark, J.; Hendry, A. P.; Karatayev, V. A.; Kendall, N. W.; Kibele, J.; Kindsvater, H. K.; Kobayashi, K. M.; Lewis, B.; Munch, S.; Reynolds, J. D.; Vick, G. K.; Palkovacs, E. P. (19 August 2020). "Recent declines in salmon body size impact ecosystems and fisheries". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 4155. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.4155O. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-17726-z. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7438488. PMID 32814776.
  181. ^ McGrath, Matt (19 August 2020). "Dams played key role in limiting sea level rise". BBC News. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  182. ^ "20th century dam building found to have offset sea level rise". phys.org. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  183. ^ Frederikse, Thomas; Landerer, Felix; Caron, Lambert; Adhikari, Surendra; Parkes, David; Humphrey, Vincent W.; Dangendorf, Sönke; Hogarth, Peter; Zanna, Laure; Cheng, Lijing; Wu, Yun-Hao (August 2020). "The causes of sea-level rise since 1900". Nature. 584 (7821): 393–397. Bibcode:2020EGUGA..22.7907F. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2591-3. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 32814886. S2CID 221182575. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  184. ^ a b "Record melt: Greenland lost 586 billion tons of ice in 2019". phys.org. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
  185. ^ Sasgen, Ingo; Wouters, Bert; Gardner, Alex S.; King, Michalea D.; Tedesco, Marco; Landerer, Felix W.; Dahle, Christoph; Save, Himanshu; Fettweis, Xavier (20 August 2020). "Return to rapid ice loss in Greenland and record loss in 2019 detected by the GRACE-FO satellites". Communications Earth & Environment. 1 (1): 8. Bibcode:2020ComEE...1....8S. doi:10.1038/s43247-020-0010-1. ISSN 2662-4435. S2CID 221200001.
  186. ^ "Genomic analysis reveals many animal species may be vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection". medicalxpress.com. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
  187. ^ "Reindeer, dolphins most at risk for COVID-19, study finds. What about other animals?". The Telegraph. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
  188. ^ Damas, Joana; Hughes, Graham M.; Keough, Kathleen C.; Painter, Corrie A.; Persky, Nicole S.; Corbo, Marco; Hiller, Michael; Koepfli, Klaus-Peter; Pfenning, Andreas R.; Zhao, Huabin; Genereux, Diane P.; Swofford, Ross; Pollard, Katherine S.; Ryder, Oliver A.; Nweeia, Martin T.; Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin; Teeling, Emma C.; Karlsson, Elinor K.; Lewin, Harris A. (21 August 2020). "Broad host range of SARS-CoV-2 predicted by comparative and structural analysis of ACE2 in vertebrates". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 117 (36): 22311–22322. Bibcode:2020PNAS..11722311D. doi:10.1073/pnas.2010146117. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 7486773. PMID 32826334. S2CID 221238496.
  189. ^ "Global forest restoration and the importance of empowering local communities". phys.org. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
  190. ^ "300 million world over can have their forests restored: study". The Hindu. 25 August 2020. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
  191. ^ Erbaugh, J. T.; Pradhan, N.; Adams, J.; Oldekop, J. A.; Agrawal, A.; Brockington, D.; Pritchard, R.; Chhatre, A. (24 August 2020). "Global forest restoration and the importance of prioritizing local communities". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 4 (11): 1472–1476. doi:10.1038/s41559-020-01282-2. ISSN 2397-334X. PMID 32839542. S2CID 221285189. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
  192. ^ "Climate change and land use are accelerating soil erosion by water". phys.org. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
  193. ^ "Bodenerosion: Klimawandel und Landnutzung lässt Ackerflächen verschwinden". www.rnd.de (in German). Retrieved 7 September 2020.
  194. ^ Borrelli, Pasquale; Robinson, David A.; Panagos, Panos; Lugato, Emanuele; Yang, Jae E.; Alewell, Christine; Wuepper, David; Montanarella, Luca; Ballabio, Cristiano (20 August 2020). "Land use and climate change impacts on global soil erosion by water (2015-2070)". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 117 (36): 21994–22001. Bibcode:2020PNAS..11721994B. doi:10.1073/pnas.2001403117. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 7486701. PMID 32839306. S2CID 221305830.
  195. ^ Starr, Michelle (19 October 2020). "Voyager Spacecraft Detect an Increase in The Density of Space Outside The Solar System". ScienceAlert. Retrieved 19 October 2020.
  196. ^ Kurth, W.S.; Gurnett, D.A. (25 August 2020). "Observations of a Radial Density Gradient in the Very Local Interstellar Medium by Voyager 2". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 900 (1): L1. Bibcode:2020ApJ...900L...1K. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/abae58. S2CID 225312823.
  197. ^ Zhang, Emily. "SpaceX's Dark Satellites Are Still Too Bright for Astronomers". Scientific American. Retrieved 16 September 2020.
  198. ^ "Report Offers Roadmap to Mitigate Effects of Large Satellite Constellations on Astronomy | American Astronomical Society". aas.org. Retrieved 16 September 2020.
  199. ^ Strickland, Ashley (26 August 2020). "Bacteria from Earth can survive in space and could endure the trip to Mars, according to new study". CNN News. Retrieved 26 August 2020.
  200. ^ Kawaguchi, Yuko; et al. (26 August 2020). "DNA Damage and Survival Time Course of Deinococcal Cell Pellets During 3 Years of Exposure to Outer Space". Frontiers in Microbiology. 11: 2050. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.02050. PMC 7479814. PMID 32983036. S2CID 221300151.
  201. ^ "Quantum computers may be destroyed by high-energy particles from space". New Scientist. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
  202. ^ "Cosmic rays may soon stymie quantum computing". phys.org. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
  203. ^ Vepsäläinen, Antti P.; Karamlou, Amir H.; Orrell, John L.; Dogra, Akshunna S.; Loer, Ben; Vasconcelos, Francisca; Kim, David K.; Melville, Alexander J.; Niedzielski, Bethany M.; Yoder, Jonilyn L.; Gustavsson, Simon; Formaggio, Joseph A.; VanDevender, Brent A.; Oliver, William D. (August 2020). "Impact of ionizing radiation on superconducting qubit coherence". Nature. 584 (7822): 551–556. arXiv:2001.09190. Bibcode:2020Natur.584..551V. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2619-8. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 32848227. S2CID 210920566. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
  204. ^ "How cold was the ice age? Researchers now know". phys.org. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
  205. ^ Tierney, Jessica E.; Zhu, Jiang; King, Jonathan; Malevich, Steven B.; Hakim, Gregory J.; Poulsen, Christopher J. (August 2020). "Glacial cooling and climate sensitivity revisited". Nature. 584 (7822): 569–573. Bibcode:2020Natur.584..569T. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2617-x. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 32848226. S2CID 221346116. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
  206. ^ Washington University in St. Louis (27 August 2020). "Meteorite study suggests Earth may have been wet since it formed - Enstatite chondrite meteorites, once considered 'dry,' contain enough water to fill the oceans -- and then some". EurekAlert!. Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 28 August 2020.
  207. ^ American Association for the Advancement of Science (27 August 2020). "Unexpected abundance of hydrogen in meteorites reveals the origin of Earth's water". EurekAlert!. Archived from the original on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 28 August 2020.
  208. ^ Piani, Laurette (28 August 2020). "Earth's water may have been inherited from material similar to enstatite chondrite meteorites". Science. 369 (6507): 1110–1113. Bibcode:2020Sci...369.1110P. doi:10.1126/science.aba1948. PMID 32855337. S2CID 221342529. Retrieved 28 August 2020.
  209. ^ "Fossil evidence of 'hibernation-like' state in 250-million-year-old Antarctic animal". phys.org. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
  210. ^ "Fossil suggests animals have been hibernating for 250 million years". UPI. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
  211. ^ Whitney, Megan R.; Sidor, Christian A. (27 August 2020). "Evidence of torpor in the tusks of Lystrosaurus from the Early Triassic of Antarctica". Communications Biology. 3 (1): 471. doi:10.1038/s42003-020-01207-6. ISSN 2399-3642. PMC 7453012. PMID 32855434.
  212. ^ "Neuralink: Elon Musk unveils pig with chip in its brain". BBC News. 29 August 2020. Retrieved 29 August 2020.
  213. ^ "Elon Musk trots out pigs in demo of Neuralink brain implants". The Verge. 28 August 2020. Retrieved 29 August 2020.
  214. ^ Willingham, Emily. "Cells Solve an English Hedge Maze with the Same Skills They Use to Traverse the Body". Scientific American. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
  215. ^ "How cells can find their way through the human body". phys.org. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
  216. ^ Tweedy, Luke; Thomason, Peter A.; Paschke, Peggy I.; Martin, Kirsty; Machesky, Laura M.; Zagnoni, Michele; Insall, Robert H. (28 August 2020). "Seeing around corners: Cells solve mazes and respond at a distance using attractant breakdown". Science. 369 (6507): eaay9792. doi:10.1126/science.aay9792. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 32855311. S2CID 221342551. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
  217. ^ "Google conducts largest chemical simulation on a quantum computer to date". phys.org. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
  218. ^ Savage, Neil. "Google's Quantum Computer Achieves Chemistry Milestone". Scientific American. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
  219. ^ Google AI Quantum Collaborators (28 August 2020). "Hartree–Fock on a superconducting qubit quantum computer". Science. 369 (6507): 1084–1089. arXiv:2004.04174. Bibcode:2020Sci...369.1084.. doi:10.1126/science.abb9811. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 32855334. S2CID 215548188. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
  220. ^ "Discovery of an ancient dog species may teach us about human vocalization". phys.org. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  221. ^ Gorman, James (31 August 2020). "Singing Dogs Re-emerge From Extinction for Another Tune". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  222. ^ Surbakti, Suriani; Parker, Heidi G.; McIntyre, James K.; Maury, Hendra K.; Cairns, Kylie M.; Selvig, Meagan; Pangau-Adam, Margaretha; Safonpo, Apolo; Numberi, Leonardo; Runtuboi, Dirk Y. P.; Davis, Brian W.; Ostrander, Elaine A. (27 August 2020). "New Guinea highland wild dogs are the original New Guinea singing dogs". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 117 (39): 24369–24376. Bibcode:2020PNAS..11724369S. doi:10.1073/pnas.2007242117. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 7533868. PMID 32868416.
  223. ^ "Sea level rise from ice sheets track worst-case climate change scenario". phys.org. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  224. ^ "Earth's ice sheets tracking worst-case climate scenarios". The Japan Times. 1 September 2020. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  225. ^ "Ice sheet melt on track with 'worst-case climate scenario'". www.esa.int. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  226. ^ Slater, Thomas; Hogg, Anna E.; Mottram, Ruth (31 August 2020). "Ice-sheet losses track high-end sea-level rise projections". Nature Climate Change. 10 (10): 879–881. Bibcode:2020NatCC..10..879S. doi:10.1038/s41558-020-0893-y. ISSN 1758-6798. S2CID 221381924. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  227. ^ a b c Stirone, Shannon; Chang, Kenneth; Overbye, Dennis (14 September 2020). "Life on Venus? Astronomers See a Signal in Its Clouds - The detection of a gas in the planet's atmosphere could turn scientists' gaze to a planet long overlooked in the search for extraterrestrial life". The New York Times. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
  228. ^ "Venera 9's landing site". The Planetary Society. Retrieved 16 September 2020.
  229. ^ "Giant leap for molecular measurements". University of Tokyo. 1 September 2020. Retrieved 3 September 2020.
  230. ^ Kawai, Akira; Hashimoto, Kazuki; Dougakiuchi, Tatsuo; Badarla, Venkata Ramaiah; Imamura, Takayuki; Edamura, Tadataka; Ideguchi, Takuro (1 September 2020). "Time-stretch infrared spectroscopy". Communications Physics. 3 (1): 152. arXiv:1912.03857. Bibcode:2020CmPhy...3..152K. doi:10.1038/s42005-020-00420-3. ISSN 2399-3650. S2CID 208910876. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
  231. ^ "Are black holes made of dark energy?". phys.org. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  232. ^ "Researchers predict location of novel candidate for mysterious dark energy". phys.org. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  233. ^ Croker, K. S.; Runburg, J.; Farrah, D. (1 September 2020). "Implications of Symmetry and Pressure in Friedmann Cosmology. III. Point Sources of Dark Energy that Tend toward Uniformity". The Astrophysical Journal. 900 (1): 57. Bibcode:2020ApJ...900...57C. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abad2f. ISSN 1538-4357.
  234. ^ "Face shields, masks with valves ineffective against COVID-19 spread: study". phys.org. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  235. ^ Verma, Siddhartha; Dhanak, Manhar; Frankenfield, John (1 September 2020). "Visualizing droplet dispersal for face shields and masks with exhalation valves". Physics of Fluids. 32 (9): 091701. arXiv:2008.00125. Bibcode:2020PhFl...32i1701V. doi:10.1063/5.0022968. ISSN 1070-6631. PMC 7497716. PMID 32952381.
  236. ^ "Mining needed for renewable energy 'could harm biodiversity'". The Guardian. 1 September 2020. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  237. ^ "Mining for renewable energy could be another threat to the environment". phys.org. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  238. ^ Sonter, Laura J.; Dade, Marie C.; Watson, James E. M.; Valenta, Rick K. (1 September 2020). "Renewable energy production will exacerbate mining threats to biodiversity". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 4174. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.4174S. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-17928-5. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7463236. PMID 32873789.
  239. ^ "A "bang" in LIGO and Virgo detectors signals most massive gravitational-wave source yet". LIGO. 2 September 2020. Retrieved 2 September 2020.
  240. ^ Overbye, Dennis (3 September 2020). "These Black Holes Shouldn't Exist, but There They Are - On the far side of the universe, a collision of dark giants sheds light on an invisible process of cosmic growth". The New York Times. Retrieved 4 September 2020.
  241. ^ "Microplastic pollution devastating soil species, study finds". The Guardian. 2 September 2020. Retrieved 2 September 2020.
  242. ^ Lin, Dunmei; Yang, Guangrong; Dou, Pengpeng; Qian, Shenhua; Zhao, Liang; Yang, Yongchuan; Fanin, Nicolas (9 September 2020). "Microplastics negatively affect soil fauna but stimulate microbial activity: insights from a field-based microplastic addition experiment". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 287 (1934): 20201268. doi:10.1098/rspb.2020.1268. PMC 7542786. PMID 32873207.
  243. ^ "Multi-user communication network paves the way towards the quantum internet". Physics World. 8 September 2020. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  244. ^ Joshi, Siddarth Koduru; Aktas, Djeylan; Wengerowsky, Sören; Lončarić, Martin; Neumann, Sebastian Philipp; Liu, Bo; Scheidl, Thomas; Lorenzo, Guillermo Currás; Samec, Željko; Kling, Laurent; Qiu, Alex; Razavi, Mohsen; Stipčević, Mario; Rarity, John G.; Ursin, Rupert (1 September 2020). "A trusted node–free eight-user metropolitan quantum communication network". Science Advances. 6 (36): eaba0959. arXiv:1907.08229. Bibcode:2020SciA....6..959J. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aba0959. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 7467697. PMID 32917585.
  245. ^ "Asphalt adds to air pollution, especially on hot, sunny days". phys.org. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
  246. ^ Khare, Peeyush; Machesky, Jo; Soto, Ricardo; He, Megan; Presto, Albert A.; Gentner, Drew R. (1 September 2020). "Asphalt-related emissions are a major missing nontraditional source of secondary organic aerosol precursors". Science Advances. 6 (36): eabb9785. Bibcode:2020SciA....6.9785K. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abb9785. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 7467703. PMID 32917599.
  247. ^ "Old males vital to elephant societies". phys.org. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  248. ^ Allen, Connie R. B.; Brent, Lauren J. N.; Motsentwa, Thatayaone; Weiss, Michael N.; Croft, Darren P. (3 September 2020). "Importance of old bulls: leaders and followers in collective movements of all-male groups in African savannah elephants ( Loxodonta africana )". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 13996. Bibcode:2020NatSR..1013996A. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-70682-y. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 7471917. PMID 32883968.
  249. ^ Tally, Steve (4 September 2020). "New evidence that the quantum world is even stranger than we thought". Phys.org. One characteristic difference between fermions and bosons is how the particles act when they are looped, or braided, around each other. Fermions respond in one straightforward way, and bosons in another expected and straightforward way. Anyons respond as if they have a fractional charge, and even more interestingly, create a nontrivial phase change as they braid around one another. This can give the anyons a type of "memory" of their interaction.
  250. ^ Nakamura, J.; Liang, S.; Gardner, G. C.; Manfra, M. J. (September 2020). "Direct observation of anyonic braiding statistics". Nature Physics. 16 (9): 931–936. arXiv:2006.14115. Bibcode:2020NatPh..16..931N. doi:10.1038/s41567-020-1019-1. ISSN 1745-2481. S2CID 220055512. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  251. ^ Brainard, Jeffrey (8 September 2020). "Dozens of scientific journals have vanished from the internet, and no one preserved them". Science | AAAS. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
  252. ^ Kwon, Diana (10 September 2020). "More than 100 scientific journals have disappeared from the Internet". Nature. doi:10.1038/d41586-020-02610-z. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
  253. ^ Laakso, Mikael; Matthias, Lisa; Jahn, Najko (2021). "Open is not forever: A study of vanished open access journals". Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 72 (9): 1099–1112. arXiv:2008.11933. doi:10.1002/ASI.24460. S2CID 221340749.
  254. ^ "Protecting half the planet could help solve climate change and save species". Science News. 4 September 2020. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  255. ^ Dinerstein, E.; Joshi, A. R.; Vynne, C.; Lee, A. T. L.; Pharand-Deschênes, F.; França, M.; Fernando, S.; Birch, T.; Burkart, K.; Asner, G. P.; Olson, D. (1 September 2020). "A "Global Safety Net" to reverse biodiversity loss and stabilize Earth's climate". Science Advances. 6 (36): eabb2824. Bibcode:2020SciA....6.2824D. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abb2824. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 7473742. PMID 32917614. S2CID 221637220.
  256. ^ "Ocean carbon uptake widely underestimated". phys.org. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  257. ^ Watson, Andrew J.; Schuster, Ute; Shutler, Jamie D.; Holding, Thomas; Ashton, Ian G. C.; Landschützer, Peter; Woolf, David K.; Goddijn-Murphy, Lonneke (4 September 2020). "Revised estimates of ocean-atmosphere CO 2 flux are consistent with ocean carbon inventory". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 4422. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.4422W. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-18203-3. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7474059. PMID 32887875.
  258. ^ "Humans, not climate, have driven rapidly rising mammal extinction rate". phys.org. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  259. ^ Andermann, Tobias; Faurby, Søren; Turvey, Samuel T.; Antonelli, Alexandre; Silvestro, Daniele (1 September 2020). "The past and future human impact on mammalian diversity". Science Advances. 6 (36): eabb2313. Bibcode:2020SciA....6.2313A. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abb2313. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 7473673. PMID 32917612.
  260. ^ "Researchers identify nanobody that may prevent COVID-19 infection". phys.org. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
  261. ^ Hanke, Leo; Vidakovics Perez, Laura; Sheward, Daniel J.; Das, Hrishikesh; Schulte, Tim; Moliner-Morro, Ainhoa; Corcoran, Martin; Achour, Adnane; Karlsson Hedestam, Gunilla B.; Hällberg, B. Martin; Murrell, Ben; McInerney, Gerald M. (4 September 2020). "An alpaca nanobody neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 by blocking receptor interaction". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 4420. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.4420H. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-18174-5. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7473855. PMID 32887876.
  262. ^ "Australian telescope finds no signs of alien technology in 10 million star systems". phys.org. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  263. ^ Tremblay, C. D.; Tingay, S. J. (7 September 2020). "A SETI survey of the Vela region using the Murchison Widefield Array: Orders of magnitude expansion in search space". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia. 37: e035. arXiv:2009.03267. Bibcode:2020PASA...37...35T. doi:10.1017/pasa.2020.27. ISSN 1323-3580. S2CID 221516487. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  264. ^ "Mobile phone radiation may be killing insects: German study". phys.org. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
  265. ^ "Biological effects of electromagnetic fields on insects". Retrieved 9 October 2020. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  266. ^ "Changing what we eat could offset years of climate-warming emissions, new analysis finds". phys.org. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  267. ^ Hayek, Matthew N.; Harwatt, Helen; Ripple, William J.; Mueller, Nathaniel D. (7 September 2020). "The carbon opportunity cost of animal-sourced food production on land". Nature Sustainability. 4: 21–24. doi:10.1038/s41893-020-00603-4. ISSN 2398-9629. S2CID 221522148. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  268. ^ Bower, Bruce (8 September 2020). "A stray molar is the oldest known fossil from an ancient gibbon - Ancestors of these small-bodied apes were in India roughly 13 million years ago, a study suggests". Science News. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  269. ^ "New fossil ape is discovered in India". phys.org. Retrieved 16 September 2020.
  270. ^ Gilbert, Christopher C.; et al. (9 September 2020). "New Middle Miocene Ape (Primates: Hylobatidae) from Ramnagar, India fills major gaps in the hominoid fossil record". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 287 (1934). doi:10.1098/rspb.2020.1655. PMC 7542791. PMID 32900315. S2CID 221538516.
  271. ^ "Quest - Article - UPDATE: ACE-031 Clinical Trials in Duchenne MD". Muscular Dystrophy Association. 6 January 2016. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
  272. ^ Attie, Kenneth M.; Borgstein, Niels G.; Yang, Yijun; Condon, Carolyn H.; Wilson, Dawn M.; Pearsall, Amelia E.; Kumar, Ravi; Willins, Debbie A.; Seehra, Jas S.; Sherman, Matthew L. (2013). "A single ascending-dose study of muscle regulator ace-031 in healthy volunteers". Muscle & Nerve. 47 (3): 416–423. doi:10.1002/mus.23539. ISSN 1097-4598. PMID 23169607. S2CID 19956237. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
  273. ^ "'Mighty mice' stay musclebound in space, boon for astronauts". phys.org. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  274. ^ Lee, Se-Jin; Lehar, Adam; Meir, Jessica U.; Koch, Christina; Morgan, Andrew; Warren, Lara E.; Rydzik, Renata; Youngstrom, Daniel W.; Chandok, Harshpreet; George, Joshy; Gogain, Joseph; Michaud, Michael; Stoklasek, Thomas A.; Liu, Yewei; Germain-Lee, Emily L. (22 September 2020). "Targeting myostatin/activin A protects against skeletal muscle and bone loss during spaceflight". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 117 (38): 23942–23951. Bibcode:2020PNAS..11723942L. doi:10.1073/pnas.2014716117. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 7519220. PMID 32900939.
  275. ^ "The oldest Neanderthal DNA of Central-Eastern Europe". phys.org. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  276. ^ Picin, Andrea; Hajdinjak, Mateja; Nowaczewska, Wioletta; Benazzi, Stefano; Urbanowski, Mikołaj; Marciszak, Adrian; Fewlass, Helen; Socha, Paweł; Stefaniak, Krzysztof; Żarski, Marcin; Wiśniewski, Andrzej; Hublin, Jean-Jacques; Nadachowski, Adam; Talamo, Sahra (8 September 2020). "New perspectives on Neanderthal dispersal and turnover from Stajnia Cave (Poland)". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 14778. Bibcode:2020NatSR..1014778P. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-71504-x. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 7479612. PMID 32901061. S2CID 221573104.
  277. ^ Abnett, Kate (8 September 2020). "One in eight deaths in Europe linked to pollution, environment, EU says". Reuters. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  278. ^ "UN report: Covid crisis does little to slow climate change". BBC News. 9 September 2020. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  279. ^ "United in Science 2020". World Meteorological Organization. 19 September 2019. Archived from the original on 15 December 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  280. ^ "Researchers discover how worms pass knowledge of a pathogen to offspring". phys.org. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
  281. ^ Kaletsky, Rachel; Moore, Rebecca S.; Vrla, Geoffrey D.; Parsons, Lance R.; Gitai, Zemer; Murphy, Coleen T. (9 September 2020). "C. elegans interprets bacterial non-coding RNAs to learn pathogenic avoidance". Nature. 586 (7829): 445–451. Bibcode:2020Natur.586..445K. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2699-5. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 8547118. PMID 32908307. S2CID 221626129.
  282. ^ "Bending the curve of biodiversity loss". phys.org. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  283. ^ Leclère, David; Obersteiner, Michael; Barrett, Mike; Butchart, Stuart H. M.; Chaudhary, Abhishek; De Palma, Adriana; DeClerck, Fabrice A. J.; Di Marco, Moreno; Doelman, Jonathan C.; Dürauer, Martina; Freeman, Robin; Harfoot, Michael; Hasegawa, Tomoko; Hellweg, Stefanie; Hilbers, Jelle P.; Hill, Samantha L. L.; Humpenöder, Florian; Jennings, Nancy; Krisztin, Tamás; Mace, Georgina M.; Ohashi, Haruka; Popp, Alexander; Purvis, Andy; Schipper, Aafke M.; Tabeau, Andrzej; Valin, Hugo; van Meijl, Hans; van Zeist, Willem-Jan; Visconti, Piero; Alkemade, Rob; Almond, Rosamunde; Bunting, Gill; Burgess, Neil D.; Cornell, Sarah E.; Di Fulvio, Fulvio; Ferrier, Simon; Fritz, Steffen; Fujimori, Shinichiro; Grooten, Monique; Harwood, Thomas; Havlík, Petr; Herrero, Mario; Hoskins, Andrew J.; Jung, Martin; Kram, Tom; Lotze-Campen, Hermann; Matsui, Tetsuya; Meyer, Carsten; Nel, Deon; Newbold, Tim; Schmidt-Traub, Guido; Stehfest, Elke; Strassburg, Bernardo B. N.; van Vuuren, Detlef P.; Ware, Chris; Watson, James E. M.; Wu, Wenchao; Young, Lucy (September 2020). "Bending the curve of terrestrial biodiversity needs an integrated strategy". Nature. 585 (7826): 551–556. Bibcode:2020Natur.585..551L. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2705-y. hdl:1874/408907. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 32908312. S2CID 221624255. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  284. ^ "World wildlife plummets more than two-thirds in 50 years: index". phys.org. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
  285. ^ "Living Planet Report 2020" (PDF). Retrieved 12 October 2020.
  286. ^ "High-fidelity record of Earth's climate history puts current changes in context". phys.org. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  287. ^ Westerhold, Thomas; Marwan, Norbert; Drury, Anna Joy; Liebrand, Diederik; Agnini, Claudia; Anagnostou, Eleni; Barnet, James S. K.; Bohaty, Steven M.; Vleeschouwer, David De; Florindo, Fabio; Frederichs, Thomas; Hodell, David A.; Holbourn, Ann E.; Kroon, Dick; Lauretano, Vittoria; Littler, Kate; Lourens, Lucas J.; Lyle, Mitchell; Pälike, Heiko; Röhl, Ursula; Tian, Jun; Wilkens, Roy H.; Wilson, Paul A.; Zachos, James C. (11 September 2020). "An astronomically dated record of Earth's climate and its predictability over the last 66 million years". Science. 369 (6509): 1383–1387. Bibcode:2020Sci...369.1383W. doi:10.1126/science.aba6853. hdl:11577/3351324. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 32913105. S2CID 221593388. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  288. ^ "New Hubble data suggests there is an ingredient missing from current dark matter theories". phys.org. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
  289. ^ Meneghetti, Massimo; Davoli, Guido; Bergamini, Pietro; Rosati, Piero; Natarajan, Priyamvada; Giocoli, Carlo; Caminha, Gabriel B.; Metcalf, R. Benton; Rasia, Elena; Borgani, Stefano; Calura, Francesco; Grillo, Claudio; Mercurio, Amata; Vanzella, Eros (11 September 2020). "An excess of small-scale gravitational lenses observed in galaxy clusters". Science. 369 (6509): 1347–1351. arXiv:2009.04471. Bibcode:2020Sci...369.1347M. doi:10.1126/science.aax5164. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 32913099. S2CID 221586404. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
  290. ^ a b "New worry over August deforestation in Brazilian Amazon". phys.org. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
  291. ^ "Battle on to save Brazil's tropical wetlands from flames". phys.org. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
  292. ^ "Desperate race against fires in world's biggest tropical wetlands". phys.org. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
  293. ^ "Is there life floating in the clouds of Venus?". BBC News. 14 September 2020. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
  294. ^ "Phosphine on Venus - Lead scientist Jane Greaves explains the discovery". YouTube/RAS. 14 September 2020. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
  295. ^ Greaves, Jane S.; et al. (14 September 2020). "Phosphine gas in the cloud decks of Venus". Nature Astronomy. 5 (7): 655–664. arXiv:2009.06593. Bibcode:2021NatAs...5..655G. doi:10.1038/s41550-020-1174-4. S2CID 221655755. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
  296. ^ Cimpanu, Catalin. "Microsoft says it detected active attacks leveraging Zerologon vulnerability". ZDNet. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  297. ^ Constantin, Lucian (23 September 2020). "What is Zerologon? And why to patch this Windows Server flaw now". CSO Online. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  298. ^ "Scientific American Endorses Joe Biden". Scientific American. 5 September 2020. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
  299. ^ "Solar cycle 25 is here. NASA, NOAA scientists explain what that means". phys.org. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  300. ^ US Department of Commerce, NOAA. "Hello Solar Cycle 25". www.weather.gov. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  301. ^ a b Crane, Leah (23 September 2020). "Astronomers may have found the first planet in another galaxy". New Scientist. Retrieved 25 September 2020.
  302. ^ Vanderburg, Andrew; et al. (16 September 2020). "A giant planet candidate transiting a white dwarf". Nature. 585 (7825): 363–367. arXiv:2009.07282. Bibcode:2020Natur.585..363V. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2713-y. hdl:1721.1/129733. PMID 32939071. S2CID 221738865. Retrieved 17 September 2020.
  303. ^ Chou, felicia; Andreoli, Claire; Cofield, Calia (16 September 2020). "NASA Missions Spy First Possible Planet Hugging a Stellar Cinder". NASA. Retrieved 17 September 2020.
  304. ^ "World's largest DNA sequencing of Viking skeletons reveals they weren't all Scandinavian". phys.org. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  305. ^ Margaryan, Ashot; Lawson, Daniel J.; Sikora, Martin; Racimo, Fernando; Rasmussen, Simon; Moltke, Ida; Cassidy, Lara M.; Jørsboe, Emil; Ingason, Andrés; Pedersen, Mikkel W.; et al. (September 2020). "Population genomics of the Viking world". Nature. 585 (7825): 390–396. Bibcode:2020Natur.585..390M. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2688-8. hdl:10852/83989. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 32939067. S2CID 221769227. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  306. ^ "Discovery of a new mass extinction". phys.org. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  307. ^ Corso, Jacopo Dal; Bernardi, Massimo; Sun, Yadong; Song, Haijun; Seyfullah, Leyla J.; Preto, Nereo; Gianolla, Piero; Ruffell, Alastair; Kustatscher, Evelyn; Roghi, Guido; Merico, Agostino; Hohn, Sönke; Schmidt, Alexander R.; Marzoli, Andrea; Newton, Robert J.; Wignall, Paul B.; Benton, Michael J. (1 September 2020). "Extinction and dawn of the modern world in the Carnian (Late Triassic)". Science Advances. 6 (38): eaba0099. Bibcode:2020SciA....6...99D. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aba0099. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 7494334. PMID 32938682.
  308. ^ "Scientists discover 24 'superhabitable' planets with conditions that are better for life than Earth". Sky News.
  309. ^ Schulze-Makuch, Dirk; Heller, Rene; Guinan, Edward (18 September 2020). "In Search for a Planet Better than Earth: Top Contenders for a Superhabitable World". Astrobiology. 20 (12): 1394–1404. Bibcode:2020AsBio..20.1394S. doi:10.1089/ast.2019.2161. PMC 7757576. PMID 32955925.
  310. ^ Di Stafano, R.; et al. (18 September 2020). "M51-ULS-1b: The First Candidate for a Planet in an External Galaxy". arXiv:2009.08987v1 [astro-ph.HE].
  311. ^ "Biologists create new genetic systems to neutralize gene drives". phys.org. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  312. ^ Xu, Xiang-Ru Shannon; Bulger, Emily A.; Gantz, Valentino M.; Klanseck, Carissa; Heimler, Stephanie R.; Auradkar, Ankush; Bennett, Jared B.; Miller, Lauren Ashley; Leahy, Sarah; Juste, Sara Sanz; Buchman, Anna; Akbari, Omar S.; Marshall, John M.; Bier, Ethan (18 September 2020). "Active Genetic Neutralizing Elements for Halting or Deleting Gene Drives". Molecular Cell. 80 (2): 246–262.e4. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2020.09.003. ISSN 1097-2765. PMC 10962758. PMID 32949493. S2CID 221806864.
  313. ^ "Prosecutors open homicide case after hacker attack on German hospital". Reuters. 18 September 2020. Archived from the original on 28 September 2020. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  314. ^ "Oldest footprints in Saudi Arabia reveal intriguing step in early human migration". Archived from the original on 23 September 2020. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  315. ^ "Human footprints dating back 120,000 years found in Saudi Arabia". phys.org. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  316. ^ Stewart, Mathew; Clark-Wilson, Richard; Breeze, Paul S.; Janulis, Klint; Candy, Ian; Armitage, Simon J.; Ryves, David B.; Louys, Julien; Duval, Mathieu; Price, Gilbert J.; Cuthbertson, Patrick; Bernal, Marco A.; Drake, Nick A.; Alsharekh, Abdullah M.; Zahrani, Badr; Al-Omari, Abdulaziz; Roberts, Patrick; Groucutt, Huw S.; Petraglia, Michael D. (1 September 2020). "Human footprints provide snapshot of last interglacial ecology in the Arabian interior". Science Advances. 6 (38): eaba8940. Bibcode:2020SciA....6.8940S. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aba8940. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 7500939. PMID 32948582.
  317. ^ Potpov, Alexey; et al. (21 September 2020). "Dust/ice mixing in cold regions and solid-state water in the diffuse interstellar medium". Nature Astronomy. 5: 78–85. arXiv:2008.10951. Bibcode:2021NatAs...5...78P. doi:10.1038/s41550-020-01214-x. S2CID 221292937. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
  318. ^ "Quantum entanglement realized between distant large objects". phys.org. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  319. ^ Thomas, Rodrigo A.; Parniak, Michał; Østfeldt, Christoffer; Møller, Christoffer B.; Bærentsen, Christian; Tsaturyan, Yeghishe; Schliesser, Albert; Appel, Jürgen; Zeuthen, Emil; Polzik, Eugene S. (21 September 2020). "Entanglement between distant macroscopic mechanical and spin systems". Nature Physics. 17 (2): 228–233. arXiv:2003.11310. doi:10.1038/s41567-020-1031-5. ISSN 1745-2481. S2CID 214641162. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  320. ^ "Researchers find half of budgets for species conservation is used for monitoring, not protecting". phys.org. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
  321. ^ Buxton, Rachel T.; Avery-Gomm, Stephanie; Lin, Hsein-Yung; Smith, Paul A.; Cooke, Steven J.; Bennett, Joseph R. (22 September 2020). "Half of resources in threatened species conservation plans are allocated to research and monitoring". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 4668. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.4668B. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-18486-6. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7508813. PMID 32963244.
  322. ^ "Giant lizard dubbed 'Jaws of Death' terrorized Cretaceous seas". CNN. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
  323. ^ Lively, Joshua r. (23 September 2020). "Redescription and phylogenetic assessment of 'Prognathodon' stadtmani: implications for Globidensini monophyly and character homology in Mosasaurinae". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 40 (3): e1784183. Bibcode:2020JVPal..40E4183L. doi:10.1080/02724634.2020.1784183. S2CID 224904711.
  324. ^ "New analysis of black hole reveals a wobbling shadow". phys.org. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
  325. ^ Wielgus, Maciek; Akiyama, Kazunori; Blackburn, Lindy; Chan, Chi-kwan; Dexter, Jason; Doeleman, Sheperd S.; Fish, Vincent L.; Issaoun, Sara; Johnson, Michael D.; Krichbaum, Thomas P.; et al. (23 September 2020). "Monitoring the Morphology of M87* in 2009–2017 with the Event Horizon Telescope". The Astrophysical Journal. 901 (1): 67. arXiv:2009.11842. Bibcode:2020ApJ...901...67W. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abac0d. ISSN 1538-4357. S2CID 221879259.
  326. ^ Wallis, Claudia. "One in Seven Dire COVID Cases May Result from a Faulty Immune Response". Scientific American. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  327. ^ Bastard, Paul; Rosen, Lindsey B.; Zhang, Qian; Michailidis, Eleftherios; Hoffmann, Hans-Heinrich; Zhang, Yu; Dorgham, Karim; Philippot, Quentin; Rosain, Jérémie; Béziat, Vivien; et al. (24 September 2020). "Auto-antibodies against type I IFNs in patients with life-threatening COVID-19". Science. 370 (6515): eabd4585. doi:10.1126/science.abd4585. ISSN 0036-8075. PMC 7857397. PMID 32972996. S2CID 221914095.
  328. ^ Starr, Michelle (3 October 2020). "A New Chemical 'Tree of The Origins of Life' Reveals Our Possible Molecular Evolution". ScienceAlert. Retrieved 3 October 2020.
  329. ^ Wolos, Agnieszka; et al. (25 September 2020). "Synthetic connectivity, emergence, and self-regeneration in the network of prebiotic chemistry". Science. 369 (6511): eaaw1955. doi:10.1126/science.aaw1955. PMID 32973002. S2CID 221882090. Retrieved 3 October 2020.
  330. ^ "New measurements show moon has hazardous radiation levels". phys.org. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  331. ^ Zhang, Shenyi; Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert F.; Yu, Jia; Wang, Chi; Fu, Qiang; Zou, Yongliao; Sun, Yueqiang; Wang, Chunqin; Hou, Donghui; Böttcher, Stephan I.; Burmeister, Sönke; Seimetz, Lars; Schuster, Björn; Knierim, Violetta; Shen, Guohong; Yuan, Bin; Lohf, Henning; Guo, Jingnan; Xu, Zigong; Forstner, Johan L. Freiherr von; Kulkarni, Shrinivasrao R.; Xu, Haitao; Xue, Changbin; Li, Jun; Zhang, Zhe; Zhang, He; Berger, Thomas; Matthiä, Daniel; Hellweg, Christine E.; Hou, Xufeng; Cao, Jinbin; Chang, Zhen; Zhang, Binquan; Chen, Yuesong; Geng, Hao; Quan, Zida (1 September 2020). "First measurements of the radiation dose on the lunar surface". Science Advances. 6 (39): eaaz1334. Bibcode:2020SciA....6.1334Z. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aaz1334. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 7518862. PMID 32978156.
  332. ^ "Researchers show conscious processes in birds' brains for the first time". phys.org. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  333. ^ Nieder, Andreas; Wagener, Lysann; Rinnert, Paul (25 September 2020). "A neural correlate of sensory consciousness in a corvid bird". Science. 369 (6511): 1626–1629. Bibcode:2020Sci...369.1626N. doi:10.1126/science.abb1447. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 32973028. S2CID 221881862. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  334. ^ Stetka, Bret. "Bird Brains Are Far More Humanlike Than Once Thought". Scientific American. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
  335. ^ Stacho, Martin; Herold, Christina; Rook, Noemi; Wagner, Hermann; Axer, Markus; Amunts, Katrin; Güntürkün, Onur (25 September 2020). "A cortex-like canonical circuit in the avian forebrain". Science. 369 (6511): eabc5534. doi:10.1126/science.abc5534. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 32973004. S2CID 221882087. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
  336. ^ O'Callaghan, Jonathan. "A NASA Probe May Have Found Signs of Life on Venus 40 Years Ago". Scientific American. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  337. ^ Mogul, Rakesh; Limaye, Sanjay S.; Way, M. J.; Cordova, Jr (2021). "Venus' Mass Spectra Show Signs of Disequilibria in the Middle Clouds". Geophysical Research Letters. 48 (7): e91327. arXiv:2009.12758. Bibcode:2021GeoRL..4891327M. doi:10.1029/2020GL091327. PMC 8244101. PMID 34219837. S2CID 232362186.
  338. ^ O'Callaghan, Jonathan (28 September 2020). "Water on Mars: discovery of three buried lakes intrigues scientists - Researchers have detected a group of lakes hidden under the red planet's icy surface". Nature. doi:10.1038/d41586-020-02751-1. PMID 32989309. S2CID 222155190. Retrieved 29 September 2020.
  339. ^ Lauro, Sebastian Emanuel; et al. (28 September 2020). "Multiple subglacial water bodies below the south pole of Mars unveiled by new MARSIS data". Nature Astronomy. 5: 63–70. arXiv:2010.00870. Bibcode:2021NatAs...5...63L. doi:10.1038/s41550-020-1200-6. S2CID 222125007. Retrieved 29 September 2020.
  340. ^ "The Arctic is burning in a whole new way". phys.org. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
  341. ^ McCarty, Jessica L.; Smith, Thomas E. L.; Turetsky, Merritt R. (October 2020). "Arctic fires re-emerging". Nature Geoscience. 13 (10): 658–660. Bibcode:2020NatGe..13..658M. doi:10.1038/s41561-020-00645-5. ISSN 1752-0908. S2CID 221985747. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
  342. ^ "Record CO2 emissions for Arctic wildfires: EU". phys.org. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
  343. ^ Carrington, Damian (28 September 2020). "New super-enzyme eats plastic bottles six times faster". The Guardian. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
  344. ^ "Plastic-eating enzyme 'cocktail' heralds new hope for plastic waste". phys.org. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
  345. ^ Knott, Brandon C.; Erickson, Erika; Allen, Mark D.; Gado, Japheth E.; Graham, Rosie; Kearns, Fiona L.; Pardo, Isabel; Topuzlu, Ece; Anderson, Jared J.; Austin, Harry P.; Dominick, Graham; Johnson, Christopher W.; Rorrer, Nicholas A.; Szostkiewicz, Caralyn J.; Copié, Valérie; Payne, Christina M.; Woodcock, H. Lee; Donohoe, Bryon S.; Beckham, Gregg T.; McGeehan, John E. (24 September 2020). "Characterization and engineering of a two-enzyme system for plastics depolymerization". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 117 (41): 25476–25485. Bibcode:2020PNAS..11725476K. doi:10.1073/pnas.2006753117. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 7568301. PMID 32989159. S2CID 222167166.
  346. ^ Gough, Evan (1 October 2020). "A Rogue Earth-Mass Planet Has Been Discovered Freely Floating in the Milky Way Without a Star". Universe Today. Retrieved 2 October 2020.
  347. ^ Mroz, Przemek; et al. (29 September 2020). "A terrestrial-mass rogue planet candidate detected in the shortest-timescale microlensing event". The Astrophysical Journal. 903 (1): L11. arXiv:2009.12377v1. Bibcode:2020ApJ...903L..11M. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/abbfad. S2CID 221971000.
  348. ^ Redd, Nola Taylor (19 October 2020). "Rogue Rocky Planet Found Adrift in the Milky Way - The diminutive world and others like it could help astronomers probe the mysteries of planet formation". Scientific American. Retrieved 19 October 2020.
  349. ^ Fountain, Henry (29 September 2020). "Compact Nuclear Fusion Reactor Is 'Very Likely to Work,' Studies Suggest". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  350. ^ "Status of the SPARC Physics Basis". Cambridge Core. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  351. ^ Caspermeyer, Joseph (7 November 2020). "COVID-19 Patient Zero: Data Analysis Identifies the "Mother" of All SARS-CoV-2 Genomes". SciTechDaily. Retrieved 7 November 2020.
  352. ^ Kumar, Sudhir (29 September 2020). "An evolutionary portrait of the progenitor SARS-CoV-2 and its dominant offshoots in COVID-19 pandemic". bioRxiv. doi:10.1101/2020.09.24.311845. PMC 7523107. PMID 32995781. Retrieved 7 November 2020.
  353. ^ Joel, L:ucas (30 September 2020). "First Fossil Feather Ever Found Belonged to This Dinosaur - To settle a lengthy debate, a team of paleontologists says the specimen unearthed in the 19th century was shed by an archaeopteryx". The New York Times. Retrieved 30 September 2020.
  354. ^ Carney, R.M.; Tischlinger, H.; Shawkey, M.D. (2020). "Evidence corroborates identity of isolated fossil feather as a wing covert of Archaeopteryx". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 15593. Bibcode:2020NatSR..1015593C. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-65336-y. PMC 7528088. PMID 32999314.
  355. ^ "Sensor with 100,000 times higher sensitivity could bolster thermal imaging". EurekAlert!. 1 October 2020. Retrieved 4 October 2020.
  356. ^ Lee, Gil-Ho; Efetov, Dmitri K.; Jung, Woochan; Ranzani, Leonardo; Walsh, Evan D.; Ohki, Thomas A.; Taniguchi, Takashi; Watanabe, Kenji; Kim, Philip; Englund, Dirk; Fong, Kin Chung (October 2020). "Graphene-based Josephson junction microwave bolometer". Nature. 586 (7827): 42–46. arXiv:1909.05413. Bibcode:2020Natur.586...42L. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2752-4. hdl:1721.1/129674. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 32999482. S2CID 202565642. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
  357. ^ Dockrill, Peter (11 November 2020). "Scientists Just Found a Mysteriously Hidden 'Gene Within a Gene' in SARS-CoV-2". ScienceAlert. Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  358. ^ Nelson, Chase W; et al. (1 October 2020). "Dynamically evolving novel overlapping gene as a factor in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic". eLife. 9. doi:10.7554/eLife.59633. PMC 7655111. PMID 33001029.
  359. ^ "Very Large Telescope spots galaxies trapped in the web of a supermassive black hole". phys.org. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
  360. ^ Overbye, Dennis (1 October 2020). "At the Edge of Time, a Litter of Galactic Puppies". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
  361. ^ Mignoli, Marco; Gilli, Roberto; Decarli, Roberto; Vanzella, Eros; Balmaverde, Barbara; Cappelluti, Nico; Cassarà, Letizia P.; Comastri, Andrea; Cusano, Felice; Iwasawa, Kazushi; Marchesi, Stefano; Prandoni, Isabella; Vignali, Cristian; Vito, Fabio; Zamorani, Giovanni; Chiaberge, Marco; Norman, Colin (1 October 2020). "Web of the giant: Spectroscopic confirmation of a large-scale structure around the z = 6.31 quasar SDSS J1030+0524". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 642: L1. arXiv:2009.00024. Bibcode:2020A&A...642L...1M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039045. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 221397088. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
  362. ^ "Rippling graphene harvests thermal energy". Physics World. 21 October 2020. Retrieved 9 November 2020.
  363. ^ "Physicists build circuit that generates clean, limitless power from graphene". phys.org. Retrieved 9 November 2020.
  364. ^ Thibado, P. M.; Kumar, P.; Singh, Surendra; Ruiz-Garcia, M.; Lasanta, A.; Bonilla, L. L. (2 October 2020). "Fluctuation-induced current from freestanding graphene". Physical Review E. 102 (4): 042101. arXiv:2002.09947. Bibcode:2020PhRvE.102d2101T. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.102.042101. PMID 33212603. S2CID 211258802. Retrieved 9 November 2020.
  365. ^ Wu, Katherine J.; Victor, Daniel (5 October 2020). "Nobel Prize in Medicine Awarded to Scientists Who Discovered Hepatitis C Virus - Harvey J. Alter, Michael Houghton and Charles M. Rice were jointly honored for their decisive contribution to the fight against blood-borne hepatitis, a major global health problem". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
  366. ^ May, Tiffany (7 October 2020). "Hidden Beneath the Ocean's Surface, Nearly 16 Million Tons of Microplastic". The New York Times. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
  367. ^ "14 million tonnes of microplastics on sea floor: Australian study". phys.org. Retrieved 9 November 2020.
  368. ^ Barrett, Justine; Chase, Zanna; Zhang, Jing; Holl, Mark M. Banaszak; Willis, Kathryn; Williams, Alan; Hardesty, Britta D.; Wilcox, Chris (2020). "Microplastic Pollution in Deep-Sea Sediments From the Great Australian Bight". Frontiers in Marine Science. 7. doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.576170. ISSN 2296-7745. S2CID 222125532.
  369. ^ Overbye, Dennis; Taylor, Derrick Bryson (6 October 2020). "Nobel Prize in Physics Awarded to 3 Scientists for Work on Black Holes - The prize was awarded half to Roger Penrose for showing how black holes could form and half to Reinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez for discovering a supermassive object at the Milky Way's center". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
  370. ^ "These human nerve cell tendrils turned to glass nearly 2,000 years ago". Science News. 30 October 2020. Retrieved 9 November 2020.
  371. ^ "Well preserved 2,000-year-old brain cells found in Vesuvius victim". The Guardian. 7 October 2020. Retrieved 9 November 2020.
  372. ^ Petrone, Pierpaolo; Giordano, Guido; Vezzoli, Elena; Pensa, Alessandra; Castaldo, Giuseppe; Graziano, Vincenzo; Sirano, Francesco; Capasso, Emanuele; Quaremba, Giuseppe; Vona, Alessandro; Miano, Maria Giuseppina; Savino, Sergio; Niola, Massimo (6 October 2020). "Preservation of neurons in an AD 79 vitrified human brain". PLOS ONE. 15 (10): e0240017. Bibcode:2020PLoSO..1540017P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0240017. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 7537897. PMID 33022024.
  373. ^ a b "Nitrous oxide emissions pose an increasing climate threat, study finds". phys.org. Retrieved 9 November 2020.
  374. ^ a b Joyce, Meridith; Leung, Shing-Chi; Molnár, László; Ireland, Michael; Kobayashi, Chiaki; Nomoto, Ken'Ichi (13 October 2020). "Standing on the Shoulders of Giants: New Mass and Distance Estimates for Betelgeuse through Combined Evolutionary, Asteroseismic, and Hydrodynamic Simulations with MESA". The Astrophysical Journal. 902 (1): 63. arXiv:2006.09837. Bibcode:2020ApJ...902...63J. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abb8db. hdl:2299/23307. S2CID 221507952.
  375. ^ Wu, Katherine J.; Peltier, Elian (7 October 2020). "Nobel Prize in Chemistry Awarded to 2 Scientists for Work on Genome Editing - Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer A. Doudna developed the Crispr tool, which can alter the DNA of animals, plants and microorganisms with high precision". The New York Times. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
  376. ^ "New High-Temperature Superconductor (HTS) Cable Demonstrates High Performance". Commonwealth Fusion Systems. 7 October 2020. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  377. ^ Zimmerman, Leda (7 October 2020). "Superconductor technology for smaller, sooner fusion". MIT PSFC. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  378. ^ Hartwig, Zachary S.; Vieira, Rui F.; Sorbom, Brandon N.; Badcock, Rodney A.; Bajko, Marta; Beck, William K.; Castaldo, Bernardo; Craighill, Christopher L.; Davies, Michael; Estrada, Jose; et al. (October 2020). "VIPER: an industrially scalable high-current high-temperature superconductor cable". Superconductor Science and Technology. 33 (11): 11LT01. Bibcode:2020SuScT..33kLT01H. doi:10.1088/1361-6668/abb8c0. hdl:1721.1/133134. ISSN 0953-2048. S2CID 225115663. Retrieved 31 October 2020.
  379. ^ "Beat the heat: Novel passive cooling device for surfaces and enclosed spaces". EurekAlert!. 7 October 2020. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
  380. ^ Heo, Se-Yeon; Lee, Gil Ju; Kim, Do Hyeon; Kim, Yeong Jae; Ishii, Satoshi; Kim, Min Seok; Seok, Tae Joon; Lee, Bong Jae; Lee, Heon; Song, Young Min (1 September 2020). "A Janus emitter for passive heat release from enclosures". Science Advances. 6 (36): eabb1906. Bibcode:2020SciA....6.1906H. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abb1906. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 7473666. PMID 32917610.
  381. ^ Chang, Elizabeth. "Stop wiping down groceries and focus on bigger risks, say experts on coronavirus transmission". Washington Post. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
  382. ^ Riddell, Shane; et al. (7 October 2020). "The effect of temperature on persistence of SARS-CoV-2 on common surfaces". Virology Journal. 17 (145): 145. doi:10.1186/s12985-020-01418-7. PMC 7538848. PMID 33028356.
  383. ^ Tian, Hanqin; Xu, Rongting; Canadell, Josep G.; Thompson, Rona L.; Winiwarter, Wilfried; Suntharalingam, Parvadha; Davidson, Eric A.; Ciais, Philippe; Jackson, Robert B.; Janssens-Maenhout, Greet; et al. (October 2020). "A comprehensive quantification of global nitrous oxide sources and sinks". Nature. 586 (7828): 248–256. Bibcode:2020Natur.586..248T. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2780-0. hdl:1871.1/c74d4b68-ecf4-4c6d-890d-a1d0aaef01c9. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 33028999. S2CID 222217027. Retrieved 9 November 2020.
  384. ^ The Editors (8 October 2020). "Dying in a Leadership Vacuum". The New England Journal of Medicine. 383 (15): 1479–1480. doi:10.1056/NEJMe2029812. PMID 33027574. S2CID 222215145.
  385. ^ "Prestigious medical journal calls for US leadership to be voted out over Covid-19 failure". CNN. 8 October 2020. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  386. ^ "Astronomers produce largest 3-D catalog of galaxies". phys.org. Retrieved 9 November 2020.
  387. ^ Williams, Matt (14 October 2020). "The Most Comprehensive 3D Map of Galaxies Has Been Released". Universe Today. Retrieved 9 November 2020.
  388. ^ Szapudi, Istvan; Beck, Robert (2020). "PS1-STRM". MAST. STScI/MAST. doi:10.17909/t9-rnk7-gr88. Retrieved 9 November 2020.
  389. ^ Herscher, Rebecca (12 October 2020). "Scientists Confirm Nevada Man Was Infected Twice With Coronavirus". NPR. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
  390. ^ Tillet, Richard L.; et al. (12 October 2020). "Genomic evidence for reinfection with SARS-CoV-2: a case study". The Lancet. 21 (1): 52–58. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30764-7. PMC 7550103. PMID 33058797.
  391. ^ "Celebrity star Betelgeuse is smaller and closer to us than we knew". CNET. 16 October 2020. Retrieved 17 October 2020.
  392. ^ Gough, Evan (15 October 2020). "Astronomers Report They've Detected the Amino Acid Glycine in the Atmosphere of Venus". Universe Today. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  393. ^ Manna, Arijit; Pal, Sabyasachi; Hazra, Mangal (13 October 2020). "Detection of simplest amino acid glycine in the atmosphere of the Venus". arXiv:2010.06211 [astro-ph.EP].
  394. ^ O'Callaghan, Jonathan. "In A Complete Fluke, A European Spacecraft Is About To Fly Past Venus – And Could Look For Signs Of Life". Forbes. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  395. ^ a b c "Doubts over a 'possible sign of life' on Venus show how science works". Science News. 28 October 2020. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  396. ^ Snellen, I. A. G.; Guzman-Ramirez, L.; Hogerheijde, M. R.; Hygate, A. P. S.; van der Tak, F. F. S. (16 November 2020). "Re-analysis of the 267-GHz ALMA observations of Venus: No statistically significant detection of phosphine". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 644: L2. arXiv:2010.09761. Bibcode:2020A&A...644L...2S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039717. S2CID 224803085.
  397. ^ "Promising sign of life on Venus might not exist after all". National Geographic. 23 October 2020. Archived from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  398. ^ Villanueva, Geronimo; Cordiner, Martin; Irwin, Patrick; de Pater, Imke; Butler, Bryan; Gurwell, Mark; Milam, Stefanie; Nixon, Conor; Luszcz-Cook, Statia; Wilson, Colin; Kofman, Vincent; Liuzzi, Giuliano; Faggi, Sara; Fauchez, Thomas; Lippi, Manuela; Cosentino, Richard; Thelen, Alexander; Moullet, Arielle; Hartogh, Paul; Molter, Edward; Charnley, Steve; Arney, Giada; Mandell, Avi; Biver, Nicolas; Vandaele, Ann; de Kleer, Katherine; Kopparapu, Ravi (2021). "No evidence of phosphine in the atmosphere of Venus from independent analyses". Nature Astronomy. 5 (7): 631–635. arXiv:2010.14305. Bibcode:2021NatAs...5..631V. doi:10.1038/s41550-021-01422-z. S2CID 236090264.
  399. ^ Encrenaz, T.; Greathouse, T. K.; Marcq, E.; Widemann, T.; Bézard, B.; Fouchet, T.; Giles, R.; Sagawa, H.; Greaves, J.; Sousa-Silva, C. (1 November 2020). "A stringent upper limit of the PH3 abundance at the cloud top of Venus". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 643: L5. arXiv:2010.07817. Bibcode:2020A&A...643L...5E. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039559. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 222377688. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  400. ^ Zastrow, Mark. "Prospects for life on Venus take hit in phosphine reanalysis". Astronomy.com. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  401. ^ Beall, Abigail (29 October 2020). "Scientists found signs of life on Venus. Now they're not so sure". Wired UK. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  402. ^ a b Castelvecchi, Davide (27 September 2022). "Room-Stunning room-temperature-superconductor claim is retracted". Nature. doi:10.1038/d41586-022-03066-z. PMID 36171305. S2CID 252597663.
  403. ^ a b "Pandemic caused 'unprecedented' emissions drop: study". phys.org. Retrieved 9 November 2020.
  404. ^ Lu, Donna. "Rewilding farmland in tropical regions would store vast amounts of CO2". New Scientist. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
  405. ^ Strassburg, Bernardo B. N.; Iribarrem, Alvaro; Beyer, Hawthorne L.; Cordeiro, Carlos Leandro; Crouzeilles, Renato; Jakovac, Catarina C.; Braga Junqueira, André; Lacerda, Eduardo; Latawiec, Agnieszka E.; Balmford, Andrew; Brooks, Thomas M. (14 October 2020). "Global priority areas for ecosystem restoration". Nature. 586 (7831): 724–729. Bibcode:2020Natur.586..724S. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2784-9. hdl:11336/137992. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 33057198. S2CID 222350130.
  406. ^ "UNLV and University of Rochester Physicists Observe Room-Temperature Superconductivity". University of Rochester. 14 October 2020. Retrieved 15 October 2020.
  407. ^ "Superconductivity endures to 15 °C in high-pressure material". Physics World. 14 October 2020. Retrieved 15 October 2020.
  408. ^ "First Room-Temperature Superconductor Excites and Baffles Scientists". Scientific American. 14 October 2020. Retrieved 15 October 2020.
  409. ^ Snider, Elliot; Dasenbrock-Gammon, Nathan; McBride, Raymond; Debessai, Mathew; Vindana, Hiranya; Vencatasamy, Kevin; Lawler, Keith V.; Salamat, Ashkan; Dias, Ranga P. (October 2020). "RETRACTED ARTICLE: Room-temperature superconductivity in a carbonaceous sulfur hydride". Nature. 586 (7829): 373–377. Bibcode:2020Natur.586..373S. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2801-z. ISSN 1476-4687. OSTI 1673473. PMID 33057222. S2CID 222823227. Retrieved 30 November 2020. (Retracted, see doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05294-9, PMID 36163290)
  410. ^ De'ath, G.; Fabricius, K. E.; Sweatman, H.; Puotinen, M. (1 October 2012). "The 27-year decline of coral cover on the Great Barrier Reef and its causes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 109 (44): 17995–17999. doi:10.1073/pnas.1208909109. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 3497744. PMID 23027961.
  411. ^ a b "Great Barrier Reef: Scientists find reef taller than Empire State Building". BBC News. 28 October 2020. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
  412. ^ "The Great Barrier Reef has lost half its corals". phys.org. Retrieved 9 November 2020.
  413. ^ Dietzel, Andreas; Bode, Michael; Connolly, Sean R.; Hughes, Terry P. (14 October 2020). "Long-term shifts in the colony size structure of coral populations along the Great Barrier Reef". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 287 (1936): 20201432. doi:10.1098/rspb.2020.1432. PMC 7657849. PMID 33049171.
  414. ^ "World first study shows that some microorganisms can bend the rules of evolution". phys.org. Retrieved 9 November 2020.
  415. ^ Woods, Laura C.; Gorrell, Rebecca J.; Taylor, Frank; Connallon, Tim; Kwok, Terry; McDonald, Michael J. (27 October 2020). "Horizontal gene transfer potentiates adaptation by reducing selective constraints on the spread of genetic variation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 117 (43): 26868–26875. Bibcode:2020PNAS..11726868W. doi:10.1073/pnas.2005331117. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 7604491. PMID 33055207.
  416. ^ Liu, Zhu; Ciais, Philippe; Deng; Schellnhuber, Hans; et al. (14 October 2020). "Near-real-time monitoring of global CO2 emissions reveals the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 5172. arXiv:2004.13614. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.5172L. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-18922-7. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7560733. PMID 33057164.
  417. ^ a b Crane, Leah. "Weird ring-shaped molecule on Titan could be a building block to life". New Scientist. Retrieved 9 November 2020.
  418. ^ Kupferschmidt, Kai (16 October 2020). "Remdesivir and interferon fall flat in WHO's megastudy of COVID-19 treatments". Science | AAAS. Retrieved 9 November 2020.
  419. ^ Consortium, WHO Solidarity trial; Pan, Hongchao; Peto, Richard; Karim, Quarraisha Abdool; Alejandria, Marissa; Henao-Restrepo, Ana Maria; García, César Hernández; Kieny, Marie-Paule; Malekzadeh, Reza; Murthy, Srinivas; Preziosi, Marie-Pierre; Reddy, Srinath; Periago, Mirta Roses; Sathiyamoorthy, Vasee; Røttingen, John-Arne; Swaminathan, Soumya (15 October 2020). "Repurposed antiviral drugs for COVID-19 –interim WHO SOLIDARITY trial results". medRxiv 10.1101/2020.10.15.20209817v1.
  420. ^ Nixon, Conor A.; Thelen, Alexander E.; Cordiner, Martin A.; Kisiel, Zbigniew; Charnley, Steven B.; Molter, Edward M.; Serigano, Joseph; Irwin, Patrick G. J.; Teanby, Nicholas A.; Kuan, Yi-Jehng (15 October 2020). "Detection of Cyclopropenylidene on Titan with ALMA". The Astronomical Journal. 160 (5): 205. arXiv:2010.12743. Bibcode:2020AJ....160..205N. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abb679. ISSN 1538-3881. S2CID 225067550.
  421. ^ Padmanaban, Deepa (6 November 2020). "Climate Change May Have Been a Major Driver of Ancient Hominin Extinctions". SAPIENS. Retrieved 9 November 2020.
  422. ^ "Climate change likely drove early human species to extinction, modeling study suggests". phys.org. Retrieved 9 November 2020.
  423. ^ Raia, Pasquale; Mondanaro, Alessandro; Melchionna, Marina; Febbraro, Mirko Di; Diniz-Filho, Josè A. F.; Rangel, Thiago F.; Holden, Philip B.; Carotenuto, Francesco; Edwards, Neil R.; Lima-Ribeiro, Matheus S.; Profico, Antonio; Maiorano, Luigi; Castiglione, Silvia; Serio, Carmela; Rook, Lorenzo (23 October 2020). "Past Extinctions of Homo Species Coincided with Increased Vulnerability to Climatic Change". One Earth. 3 (4): 480–490. Bibcode:2020OEart...3..480R. doi:10.1016/j.oneear.2020.09.007. hdl:2158/1211341. ISSN 2590-3330. S2CID 225174240.
  424. ^ Temming, Maria (27 October 2020). "A photon's journey through a hydrogen molecule is the shortest event ever timed". Science News. Retrieved 9 November 2020.
  425. ^ Grundmann, Sven; Trabert, Daniel; Fehre, Kilian; Strenger, Nico; Pier, Andreas; Kaiser, Leon; Kircher, Max; Weller, Miriam; Eckart, Sebastian; Schmidt, Lothar Ph H.; Trinter, Florian; Jahnke, Till; Schöffler, Markus S.; Dörner, Reinhard (16 October 2020). "Zeptosecond birth time delay in molecular photoionization". Science. 370 (6514): 339–341. arXiv:2010.08298. Bibcode:2020Sci...370..339G. doi:10.1126/science.abb9318. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 33060359. S2CID 222412229. Retrieved 9 November 2020.
  426. ^ "Driver of the largest mass extinction in the history of the Earth identified". phys.org. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
  427. ^ Jurikova, Hana; Gutjahr, Marcus; Wallmann, Klaus; Flögel, Sascha; Liebetrau, Volker; Posenato, Renato; Angiolini, Lucia; Garbelli, Claudio; Brand, Uwe; Wiedenbeck, Michael; Eisenhauer, Anton (November 2020). "Permian–Triassic mass extinction pulses driven by major marine carbon cycle perturbations". Nature Geoscience. 13 (11): 745–750. Bibcode:2020NatGe..13..745J. doi:10.1038/s41561-020-00646-4. hdl:11573/1707839. ISSN 1752-0908. S2CID 224783993. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
  428. ^ Carrington, Damian (19 October 2020). "Bottle-fed babies swallow millions of microplastics a day, study finds". The Guardian. Retrieved 9 November 2020.
  429. ^ "High levels of microplastics released from infant feeding bottles during formula prep". phys.org. Retrieved 9 November 2020.
  430. ^ Li, Dunzhu; Shi, Yunhong; Yang, Luming; Xiao, Liwen; Kehoe, Daniel K.; Gun'ko, Yurii K.; Boland, John J.; Wang, Jing Jing (November 2020). "Microplastic release from the degradation of polypropylene feeding bottles during infant formula preparation". Nature Food. 1 (11): 746–754. doi:10.1038/s43016-020-00171-y. hdl:2262/94127. ISSN 2662-1355. PMID 37128027. S2CID 228978799. Retrieved 9 November 2020.
  431. ^ a b Chang, Kenneth (20 October 2020). "Seeking Solar System's Secrets, NASA's OSIRIS-REX Mission Touches Bennu Asteroid - The spacecraft attempted to suck up rocks and dirt from the asteroid, which could aid humanity's ability to divert one that might slam into Earth". The New York Times. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
  432. ^ "NASA's OSIRIS-REx Spacecraft Successfully Touches Asteroid". NASA. 20 October 2020. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
  433. ^ Sample, Ian (14 October 2020). "Covid-19: England and Wales among highest per capita death tolls". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 November 2020.
  434. ^ Kontis, Vasilis; Bennett, James E.; Rashid, Theo; Parks, Robbie M.; Pearson-Stuttard, Jonathan; Guillot, Michel; Asaria, Perviz; Zhou, Bin; Battaglini, Marco; Corsetti, Gianni; McKee, Martin; Di Cesare, Mariachiara; Mathers, Colin D.; Ezzati, Majid (14 October 2020). "Magnitude, demographics and dynamics of the effect of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic on all-cause mortality in 21 industrialized countries". Nature Medicine. 26 (12): 1919–1928. doi:10.1038/s41591-020-1112-0. ISSN 1546-170X. PMC 7615092. PMID 33057181. S2CID 222838346.
  435. ^ "Timekeeping theory combines quantum clocks and Einstein's relativity". phys.org. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  436. ^ O'Callaghan, Jonathan. "Quantum Time Twist Offers a Way to Create Schrödinger's Clock". Scientific American. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  437. ^ Smith, Alexander R. H.; Ahmadi, Mehdi (23 October 2020). "Quantum clocks observe classical and quantum time dilation". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 5360. arXiv:1904.12390. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.5360S. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-18264-4. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7584645. PMID 33097702.
  438. ^ a b Guarino, Ben; Achenbach, Joel (26 October 2020). "Pair of studies confirm there is water on the moon - New research confirms what scientists had theorized for years — the moon is wet". The Washington Post. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
  439. ^ Chang, Kenneth (26 October 2020). "There's Water and Ice on the Moon, and in More Places Than NASA Once Thought - Future astronauts seeking water on the moon may not need to go into the most treacherous craters in its polar regions to find it". The New York Times. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
  440. ^ Honniball, C.I.; et al. (26 October 2020). "Molecular water detected on the sunlit Moon by SOFIA". Nature Astronomy. 5 (2): 121–127. Bibcode:2021NatAs...5..121H. doi:10.1038/s41550-020-01222-x. S2CID 228954129. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
  441. ^ Hayne, P.O.; et al. (26 October 2020). "Micro cold traps on the Moon". Nature Astronomy. 5 (2): 169–175. arXiv:2005.05369. Bibcode:2021NatAs...5..169H. doi:10.1038/s41550-020-1198-9. S2CID 218595642. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
  442. ^ "Infamous asteroid Apophis is accelerating | EarthSky.org". earthsky.org. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  443. ^ Tholen, D.; Farnocchia, D. (1 October 2020). "Detection of Yarkovsky Acceleration of (99942) Apophis". Aas/Division for Planetary Sciences Meeting Abstracts. 52 (6): 214.06. Bibcode:2020DPS....5221406T. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  444. ^ "Trial to test if Vitamin D protects against Covid". BBC News. 13 October 2020. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  445. ^ "Trial of Vitamin D to Reduce Risk and Severity of COVID-19 and Other Acute Respiratory Infections - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov". clinicaltrials.gov. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  446. ^ "Can supplements really help fight COVID-19? Here's what we know and don't know". Science News. 16 October 2020. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  447. ^ Wang, Rui; DeGruttola, Victor; Lei, Quanhong; Mayer, Kenneth H.; Redline, Susan; Hazra, Aditi; Mora, Samia; Willett, Walter C.; Ganmaa, Davaasambuu; Manson, JoAnn E. (10 October 2020). "The vitamin D for COVID-19 (VIVID) trial: A pragmatic cluster-randomized design". Contemporary Clinical Trials. 100: 106176. doi:10.1016/j.cct.2020.106176. ISSN 1551-7144. PMC 7547023. PMID 33045402.
  448. ^ "Scientists discover 500-meter-tall coral reef in the Great Barrier Reef, the first to be discovered in over 120 years". phys.org. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
  449. ^ Yeung, Jessie. "Our galaxy holds at least 300 million potentially habitable planets, NASA finds". CNN. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  450. ^ "How many habitable planets are out there?". phys.org. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  451. ^ Preprint accepted by The Astronomical Journal: Bryson, Steve; Kunimoto, Michelle; Kopparapu, Ravi K.; Coughlin, Jeffrey L.; Borucki, William J.; Koch, David; Aguirre, Victor Silva; et al. (3 November 2020). "The Occurrence of Rocky Habitable Zone Planets Around Solar-Like Stars from Kepler Data". The Astronomical Journal. 161: 36. arXiv:2010.14812. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abc418. S2CID 225094266.
  452. ^ Meredith, Sam (29 October 2020). "A new coronavirus variant is seen spreading across Europe, research says". CNBC. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  453. ^ Hodcroft, Emma B.; Zuber, Moira; Nadeau, Sarah; Comas, Iñaki; Candelas, Fernando González; Consortium, SeqCOVID-SPAIN; Stadler, Tanja; Neher, Richard A. (28 October 2020). "Emergence and spread of a SARS-CoV-2 variant through Europe in the summer of 2020". medRxiv 10.1101/2020.10.25.20219063v1.
  454. ^ "Global trade linked to resource insecurity". Cosmos Magazine. 26 October 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  455. ^ Dunphy, Siobhán (20 November 2020). "Is globalisation compatible with sustainable and resilient supply chains?". European Scientist. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  456. ^ "Globalized economy making water, energy and land insecurity worse: study". phys.org. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  457. ^ Taherzadeh, Oliver; Bithell, Mike; Richards, Keith (28 October 2020). "Water, energy and land insecurity in global supply chains". Global Environmental Change. 67: 102158. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102158. ISSN 0959-3780. S2CID 228952251. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  458. ^ a b "New way of cooking rice removes arsenic and retains mineral nutrients, study shows". phys.org. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  459. ^ Menon, Manoj; Dong, Wanrong; Chen, Xumin; Hufton, Joseph; Rhodes, Edward J. (29 October 2020). "Improved rice cooking approach to maximise arsenic removal while preserving nutrient elements". Science of the Total Environment. 755 (Pt 2): 143341. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143341. ISSN 0048-9697. PMID 33153748. S2CID 226270303.
  460. ^ "Slovakia carries out Covid mass testing of two-thirds of population". The Guardian. 2 November 2020. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
  461. ^ Boffey, Daniel (30 October 2020). "Slovakia to test all citizens over age of 10 for coronavirus". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  462. ^ Yirka, Bob (24 November 2020). "Study of partial left femur suggests Sahelanthropus tchadensis was not a hominin after all". Phys.org. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
  463. ^ Macchiarelli, Roberto; et al. (1 December 2020). "Nature and relationships of Sahelanthropus tchadensis". Journal of Human Evolution. 149: 102898. Bibcode:2020JHumE.14902898M. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102898. hdl:11568/1060874. PMID 33142154. S2CID 226249337. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
  464. ^ "WHO | SARS-CoV-2 mink-associated variant strain – Denmark". WHO. Archived from the original on 6 November 2020. Retrieved 9 December 2020.
  465. ^ Statens Serum Institut (3 November 2020). "risikovurdering-af-human-sundhed-ved-fortsat-minkavl_03112020.pdf" (PDF) (in Danish). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 December 2020. Retrieved 9 December 2020.
  466. ^ "North Denmark in lockdown over mutated virus in mink farms". medicalxpress.com. Retrieved 9 December 2020.
  467. ^ "De fleste restriktioner læmpes i Nordjylland". Sundheds- og Ældreministeriet. 19 November 2020.
  468. ^ a b "A 520-million-year-old, five-eyed fossil reveals arthropod origin". phys.org. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
  469. ^ Timmer, John (4 November 2020). "We finally know what has been making fast radio bursts - Magnetars, a type of neutron star, can produce the previously enigmatic bursts". Ars Technica. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
  470. ^ Cofield, Calla; Andreoli, Calire; Reddy, Francis (4 November 2020). "NASA Missions Help Pinpoint the Source of a Unique X-ray, Radio Burst". NASA. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
  471. ^ Weltman, Amanda; Walters, Anthony (November 2020). "A fast radio burst in our own Galaxy". Nature. 587 (7832): 43–44. Bibcode:2020Natur.587...43W. doi:10.1038/d41586-020-03018-5. PMID 33149287. S2CID 226258016. Retrieved 10 December 2020.
  472. ^ Andersen, B.; et al. (4 November 2020). "A bright millisecond-duration radio burst from a Galactic magnetar". Nature. 587 (7832): 54–58. arXiv:2005.10324. Bibcode:2020Natur.587...54C. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2863-y. PMID 33149292. S2CID 218763435. Retrieved 5 November 2020.
  473. ^ Zeng, Han; Zhao, Fangchen; Niu, Kecheng; Zhu, Maoyan; Huang, Diying (December 2020). "An early Cambrian euarthropod with radiodont-like raptorial appendages". Nature. 588 (7836): 101–105. Bibcode:2020Natur.588..101Z. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2883-7. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 33149303. S2CID 226248177. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
  474. ^ "Large volcanic eruption caused the largest mass extinction". phys.org. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
  475. ^ Kaiho, Kunio; Aftabuzzaman, Md; Jones, David S.; Tian, Li (2020). "Pulsed volcanic combustion events coincident with the end-Permian terrestrial disturbance and the following global crisis". Geology. 49 (3): 289–293. doi:10.1130/G48022.1. S2CID 228825301.
  476. ^ "Has the hidden matter of the universe been discovered?". phys.org. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
  477. ^ Tanimura, H.; Aghanim, N.; Kolodzig, A.; Douspis, M.; Malavasi, N. (1 November 2020). "First detection of stacked X-ray emission from cosmic web filaments". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 643: L2. arXiv:2011.05343. Bibcode:2020A&A...643L...2T. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202038521. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 225256738. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
  478. ^ "Researchers demonstrate a superconductor previously thought impossible". phys.org. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
  479. ^ Hashimoto, Takahiro; Ota, Yuichi; Tsuzuki, Akihiro; Nagashima, Tsubaki; Fukushima, Akiko; Kasahara, Shigeru; Matsuda, Yuji; Matsuura, Kohei; Mizukami, Yuta; Shibauchi, Takasada; Shin, Shik; Okazaki, Kozo (1 November 2020). "Bose-Einstein condensation superconductivity induced by disappearance of the nematic state". Science Advances. 6 (45): eabb9052. Bibcode:2020SciA....6.9052H. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abb9052. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 7673702. PMID 33158862.
  480. ^ Fountain, Henry (5 November 2020). "Cutting Greenhouse Gases From Food Production Is Urgent, Scientists Say". The New York Times. Retrieved 31 December 2020.
  481. ^ "Reducing global food system emissions key to meeting climate goals". phys.org. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
  482. ^ Clark, Michael A.; Domingo, Nina G. G.; Colgan, Kimberly; Thakrar, Sumil K.; Tilman, David; Lynch, John; Azevedo, Inês L.; Hill, Jason D. (6 November 2020). "Global food system emissions could preclude achieving the 1.5° and 2°C climate change targets". Science. 370 (6517): 705–708. Bibcode:2020Sci...370..705C. doi:10.1126/science.aba7357. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 33154139. S2CID 226254942. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
  483. ^ Lu, Donna. "Biobank to house 800 coral species so we can restore reefs in future". New Scientist. Retrieved 9 December 2020.
  484. ^ "Covid vaccine: First vaccine offers 90% protection". BBC News. 9 November 2020. Retrieved 9 November 2020.
  485. ^ Fox, Maggie; Sealy, Amanda (18 November 2020). "Pfizer and BioNTech say final analysis shows coronavirus vaccine is 95% effective with no safety concerns". CNN. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  486. ^ Woo, Marcus. "Stellar Smashups May Fuel Planetary Habitability, Study Suggests". Scientific American. Retrieved 9 December 2020.
  487. ^ Nimmo, Francis; Primack, Joel; Faber, S. M.; Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico; Safarzadeh, Mohammadtaher (10 November 2020). "Radiogenic Heating and Its Influence on Rocky Planet Dynamos and Habitability". The Astrophysical Journal. 903 (2): L37. arXiv:2011.04791. Bibcode:2020ApJ...903L..37N. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/abc251. ISSN 2041-8213. S2CID 226289878.
  488. ^ Crane, Leah. "Asteroid-munching microbes could mine materials from space rocks". New Scientist. Retrieved 9 December 2020.
  489. ^ Cockell, Charles S.; Santomartino, Rosa; Finster, Kai; Waajen, Annemiek C.; Eades, Lorna J.; Moeller, Ralf; Rettberg, Petra; Fuchs, Felix M.; Van Houdt, Rob; Leys, Natalie; Coninx, Ilse; Hatton, Jason; Parmitano, Luca; Krause, Jutta; Koehler, Andrea; Caplin, Nicol; Zuijderduijn, Lobke; Mariani, Alessandro; Pellari, Stefano S.; Carubia, Fabrizio; Luciani, Giacomo; Balsamo, Michele; Zolesi, Valfredo; Nicholson, Natasha; Loudon, Claire-Marie; Doswald-Winkler, Jeannine; Herová, Magdalena; Rattenbacher, Bernd; Wadsworth, Jennifer; Craig Everroad, R.; Demets, René (10 November 2020). "Space station biomining experiment demonstrates rare earth element extraction in microgravity and Mars gravity". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 5523. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.5523C. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19276-w. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7656455. PMID 33173035.
  490. ^ "New airflow videos show why masks with exhalation valves do not slow the spread of COVID". phys.org. Retrieved 9 December 2020.
  491. ^ Staymates, Matthew (1 November 2020). "Flow visualization of an N95 respirator with and without an exhalation valve using schlieren imaging and light scattering". Physics of Fluids. 32 (11): 111703. Bibcode:2020PhFl...32k1703S. doi:10.1063/5.0031996. ISSN 1070-6631. PMC 7684679. PMID 33244212.
  492. ^ a b Vagnoni, Giselda (16 November 2020). "Researchers find coronavirus was circulating in Italy earlier than thought". Reuters. Retrieved 9 December 2020.
  493. ^ O'Callaghan, Jonathan (20 November 2020). "Signs of Recent Volcanic Eruption on Mars Hint at Habitats for Life - Not thought to be volcanically active, Mars may have experienced an eruption just 53,000 years ago". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  494. ^ Horvath, David G.; et al. (2021). "Evidence for geologically recent explosive volcanism in Elysium Planitia, Mars". Icarus. 365: 114499. arXiv:2011.05956. Bibcode:2021Icar..36514499H. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114499. ISSN 0019-1035. S2CID 226299879.
  495. ^ Apolone, Giovanni; Montomoli, Emanuele; Manenti, Alessandro; Boeri, Mattia; Sabia, Federica; Hyseni, Inesa; Mazzini, Livia; Martinuzzi, Donata; Cantone, Laura; Milanese, Gianluca; Sestini, Stefano; Suatoni, Paola; Marchianò, Alfonso; Bollati, Valentina; Sozzi, Gabriella; Pastorino, Ugo (11 November 2020). "Unexpected detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the prepandemic period in Italy". Tumori Journal. 107 (5): 446–451. doi:10.1177/0300891620974755. PMC 8529295. PMID 33176598. S2CID 226312450. (This paper currently has an expression of concern, see doi:10.1177/0300891620987756, PMID 33752533,  Retraction Watch)
  496. ^ "EXPRESSION OF CONCERN: Unexpected detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the prepandemic period in Italy". Tumori Journal. 107 (5): 474. 2021. doi:10.1177/0300891620987756. PMID 33752533. S2CID 232325885.
  497. ^ "Research breakthrough achieves fish-free aquaculture feed that raises key standards". phys.org. Retrieved 9 December 2020.
  498. ^ Sarker, Pallab K.; Kapuscinski, Anne R.; McKuin, Brandi; Fitzgerald, Devin S.; Nash, Hannah M.; Greenwood, Connor (12 November 2020). "Microalgae-blend tilapia feed eliminates fishmeal and fish oil, improves growth, and is cost viable". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 19328. Bibcode:2020NatSR..1019328S. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-75289-x. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 7665073. PMID 33184333.
  499. ^ "Escape from Mars: How water fled the red planet". phys.org. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
  500. ^ Stone, Shane W.; Yelle, Roger V.; Benna, Mehdi; Lo, Daniel Y.; Elrod, Meredith K.; Mahaffy, Paul R. (13 November 2020). "Hydrogen escape from Mars is driven by seasonal and dust storm transport of water". Science. 370 (6518): 824–831. Bibcode:2020Sci...370..824S. doi:10.1126/science.aba5229. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 33184209. S2CID 226308137. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
  501. ^ "Moderna says its vaccine is 94.5% effective in preventing COVID-19". CNA. 16 November 2020. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
  502. ^ Witze, Alexandra (17 November 2020). "Prospects for life on Venus fade — but aren't dead yet". Nature. 587 (7835): 532. Bibcode:2020Natur.587..532W. doi:10.1038/d41586-020-03258-5. PMID 33208909. S2CID 227067294. Retrieved 9 December 2020.
  503. ^ Chan, Athena (18 November 2020). "Life On Venus: Phosphine Signals Actually Fainter As Scientists Re-Analyze Earlier Findings". International Business Times. Retrieved 9 December 2020.
  504. ^ a b Voosen, Paul (17 November 2020). "Potential signs of life on Venus are fading as astronomers downgrade their original claims". Science | AAAS. Retrieved 9 December 2020.
  505. ^ Greaves, Jane S.; Richards, Anita M. S.; Bains, William; Rimmer, Paul B.; Clements, David L.; Seager, Sara; Petkowski, Janusz J.; Sousa-Silva, Clara; Ranjan, Sukrit; Fraser, Helen J. (2021). "Reply to: No evidence of phosphine in the atmosphere of Venus from independent analyses". Nature Astronomy. 5 (7): 636–639. arXiv:2011.08176. Bibcode:2021NatAs...5..636G. doi:10.1038/s41550-021-01424-x. S2CID 233296859.
  506. ^ "TAU breakthrough may increase life expectancy in brain and ovarian cancers". Tel Aviv University. 18 November 2020. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
  507. ^ Rosenblum, Daniel; Gutkin, Anna; Kedmi, Ranit; Ramishetti, Srinivas; Veiga, Nuphar; Jacobi, Ashley M.; Schubert, Mollie S.; Friedmann-Morvinski, Dinorah; Cohen, Zvi R.; Behlke, Mark A.; Lieberman, Judy; Peer, Dan (1 November 2020). "CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing using targeted lipid nanoparticles for cancer therapy". Science Advances. 6 (47): eabc9450. Bibcode:2020SciA....6.9450R. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abc9450. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 7673804. PMID 33208369. S2CID 227068531.
  508. ^ "Sentinel-6: 'Dog kennel' satellite blasts off on ocean mission". BBC News. 21 November 2020. Retrieved 21 November 2020.
  509. ^ Popa, Alexandra; et al. (23 November 2020). "Genomic epidemiology of superspreading events in Austria reveals mutational dynamics and transmission properties of SARS-CoV-2". Science Translational Medicine. 12 (573): eabe2555. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.abe2555. PMC 7857414. PMID 33229462. S2CID 227157558.
  510. ^ Prentiss, Mara; et al. (23 October 2020). "Superspreading Events Without Superspreaders: Using High Attack Rate Events to Estimate Nº for Airborne Transmission of COVID-19". medRxiv 10.1101/2020.10.21.20216895v1.
  511. ^ "Covid-19: Oxford University vaccine is highly effective". BBC News. 23 November 2020. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
  512. ^ "AZD1222 vaccine met primary efficacy endpoint in preventing COVID-19". AstraZeneca. 23 November 2020. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
  513. ^ "Green Mediterranean ('green Med') diet may be even better for health". medicalxpress.com. Retrieved 9 December 2020.
  514. ^ Tsaban, Gal; Meir, Anat Yaskolka; Rinott, Ehud; Zelicha, Hila; Kaplan, Alon; Shalev, Aryeh; Katz, Amos; Rudich, Assaf; Tirosh, Amir; Shelef, Ilan; Youngster, Ilan; Lebovitz, Sharon; Israeli, Noa; Shabat, May; Brikner, Dov; Pupkin, Efrat; Stumvoll, Michael; Thiery, Joachim; Ceglarek, Uta; Heiker, John T.; Körner, Antje; Landgraf, Kathrin; Bergen, Martin von; Blüher, Matthias; Stampfer, Meir J.; Shai, Iris (4 November 2020). "The effect of green Mediterranean diet on cardiometabolic risk; a randomised controlled trial". Heart. 107 (13): heartjnl-2020-317802. doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2020-317802. ISSN 1355-6037. PMID 33234670. S2CID 227130240. Retrieved 9 December 2020.
  515. ^ a b "One of biology's biggest mysteries 'largely solved' by AI". BBC News. 30 November 2020. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
  516. ^ "Dolphins conserve oxygen and prevent dive-related problems by consciously decreasing their heart rates before diving". phys.org. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
  517. ^ Fahlman, Andreas; Cozzi, Bruno; Manley, Mercy; Jabas, Sandra; Malik, Marek; Blawas, Ashley; Janik, Vincent M. (2020). "Conditioned Variation in Heart Rate During Static Breath-Holds in the Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)". Frontiers in Physiology. 11: 604018. doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.604018. ISSN 1664-042X. PMC 7732665. PMID 33329056. S2CID 227128277.
  518. ^ "Face masks slow spread of COVID-19; types of masks, length of use matter". phys.org. Retrieved 9 December 2020.
  519. ^ Kumar, Sanjay; Lee, Heow Pueh (李孝培) (1 November 2020). "The perspective of fluid flow behavior of respiratory droplets and aerosols through the facemasks in context of SARS-CoV-2". Physics of Fluids. 32 (11): 111301. arXiv:2010.06385. Bibcode:2020PhFl...32k1301K. doi:10.1063/5.0029767. ISSN 1070-6631. PMC 7713871. PMID 33281434.
  520. ^ "Flavanol-rich cocoa drinks can improve brain function, study finds". UPI. Retrieved 9 December 2020.
  521. ^ Coffey, Rebecca. "No, Chocolate Does Not Make You Healthier". Forbes. Retrieved 9 December 2020.
  522. ^ Gratton, Gabriele; Weaver, Samuel R.; Burley, Claire V.; Low, Kathy A.; Maclin, Edward L.; Johns, Paul W.; Pham, Quang S.; Lucas, Samuel J. E.; Fabiani, Monica; Rendeiro, Catarina (24 November 2020). "Dietary flavanols improve cerebral cortical oxygenation and cognition in healthy adults". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 19409. Bibcode:2020NatSR..1019409G. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-76160-9. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 7687895. PMID 33235219.
  523. ^ "Neutrinos yield first experimental evidence of catalyzed fusion dominant in many stars". phys.org. Retrieved 10 December 2020.
  524. ^ Agostini, M.; Altenmüller, K.; Appel, S.; Atroshchenko, V.; Bagdasarian, Z.; et al. (November 2020). "Experimental evidence of neutrinos produced in the CNO fusion cycle in the Sun". Nature. 587 (7835): 577–582. arXiv:2006.15115. Bibcode:2020Natur.587..577B. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2934-0. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 33239797. S2CID 227174644. Retrieved 10 December 2020.
  525. ^ "Research creates hydrogen-producing living droplets, paving way for alternative future energy source". phys.org. Retrieved 9 December 2020.
  526. ^ Xu, Zhijun; Wang, Shengliang; Zhao, Chunyu; Li, Shangsong; Liu, Xiaoman; Wang, Lei; Li, Mei; Huang, Xin; Mann, Stephen (25 November 2020). "Photosynthetic hydrogen production by droplet-based microbial micro-reactors under aerobic conditions". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 5985. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.5985X. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19823-5. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7689460. PMID 33239636.
  527. ^ Zurich, Eth (29 November 2020). "Uncovering Mysteries of Earth's Primeval Atmosphere 4.5 Billion Years Ago and the Emergence of Life". Retrieved 30 November 2020.
  528. ^ Sossi, Paolo A.; Burnham, Antony D.; Badro, James; Lanzirotti, Antonio; Newville, Matt; O'Neill, Hugh St C. (1 November 2020). "Redox state of Earth's magma ocean and its Venus-like early atmosphere". Science Advances. 6 (48): eabd1387. Bibcode:2020SciA....6.1387S. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abd1387. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 7688334. PMID 33239296. S2CID 227174882.
  529. ^ "DeepMind AI cracks 50-year-old problem of protein folding". The Guardian. 30 November 2020. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
  530. ^ "AlphaFold: a solution to a 50-year-old grand challenge in biology". DeepMind. 30 November 2020. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
  531. ^ a b "Arecibo Observatory's 305-meter telescope suffers collapse". www.nsf.gov. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  532. ^ a b "Huge Puerto Rico radio telescope, already damaged, collapses". phys.org. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  533. ^ "NSF begins planning for decommissioning of Arecibo Observatory's 305-meter telescope due to safety concerns". www.nsf.gov. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  534. ^ "China turns on nuclear-powered 'artificial sun' (Update)". phys.org. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
  535. ^ a b Corbyn, Zoë (19 January 2020). "Out of the lab and into your frying pan: the advance of cultured meat". The Guardian. Retrieved 27 February 2020.
  536. ^ a b Talbert, Tricia (2 December 2020). "New Data Confirm 2020 SO to be 1960s Upper Centaur Rocket Booster". NASA. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  537. ^ "2020 on track to be one of three warmest years on record". World Meteorological Organization. 2 December 2020. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
  538. ^ "Microplastics revealed in the placentas of unborn babies". The Guardian. 22 December 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  539. ^ Ragusa, Antonio; Svelato, Alessandro; Santacroce, Criselda; Catalano, Piera; Notarstefano, Valentina; Carnevali, Oliana; Papa, Fabrizio; Rongioletti, Mauro Ciro Antonio; Baiocco, Federico; Draghi, Simonetta; d'Amore, Elisabetta; Rinaldo, Denise; Matta, Maria; Giorgini, Elisabetta (1 January 2021). "Plasticenta: First evidence of microplastics in human placenta". Environment International. 146: 106274. Bibcode:2021EnInt.14606274R. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2020.106274. hdl:11566/286406. ISSN 0160-4120. PMID 33395930. S2CID 229444649.
  540. ^ Shanker, Deena (22 October 2019). "These $50 Chicken Nuggets Were Grown in a Lab". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 27 February 2020.
  541. ^ Ives, Mike (2 December 2020). "Singapore Approves a Lab-Grown Meat Product, a Global First". The New York Times. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  542. ^ "Chinese team unveils exceedingly fast quantum computer". China Daily. 4 December 2020. Retrieved 5 December 2020.
  543. ^ "China Stakes Its Claim to Quantum Supremacy". Wired. 3 December 2020. Retrieved 5 December 2020.
  544. ^ Zhong, Han-Sen; Wang, Hui; Deng, Yu-Hao; Chen, Ming-Cheng; Peng, Li-Chao; Luo, Yi-Han; Qin, Jian; Wu, Dian; Ding, Xing; Hu, Yi; Hu, Peng; Yang, Xiao-Yan; Zhang, Wei-Jun; Li, Hao; Li, Yuxuan; Jiang, Xiao; Gan, Lin; Yang, Guangwen; You, Lixing; Wang, Zhen; Li, Li; Liu, Nai-Le; Lu, Chao-Yang; Pan, Jian-Wei (18 December 2020). "Quantum computational advantage using photons". Science. 370 (6523): 1460–1463. arXiv:2012.01625. Bibcode:2020Sci...370.1460Z. doi:10.1126/science.abe8770. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 33273064. S2CID 227254333. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
  545. ^ "Oral drug blocks SARS-CoV-2 transmission". medicalxpress.com. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  546. ^ Cox, Robert M.; Wolf, Josef D.; Plemper, Richard K. (January 2021). "Therapeutically administered ribonucleoside analogue MK-4482/EIDD-2801 blocks SARS-CoV-2 transmission in ferrets". Nature Microbiology. 6 (1): 11–18. doi:10.1038/s41564-020-00835-2. ISSN 2058-5276. PMC 7755744. PMID 33273742.
  547. ^ a b "Capsule with asteroid samples arrives in Japan for research". phys.org. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
  548. ^ "EXPLAINER: What has Japanese space mission accomplished?". ABC News. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
  549. ^ Booth, William; Cunningham, Erin (9 December 2020). "Britain warns against Pfizer vaccine for people with history of 'significant' allergic reactions". The Washington Post. Retrieved 9 December 2020.
  550. ^ Crane, Leah. "The Milky Way's black hole burped out two colossal X-ray bubbles". New Scientist. Retrieved 31 December 2020.
  551. ^ Predehl, P.; Sunyaev, R. A.; Becker, W.; Brunner, H.; Burenin, R.; Bykov, A.; Cherepashchuk, A.; Chugai, N.; Churazov, E.; Doroshenko, V.; Eismont, N. (9 December 2020). "Detection of large-scale X-ray bubbles in the Milky Way halo". Nature. 588 (7837): 227–231. arXiv:2012.05840. Bibcode:2020Natur.588..227P. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2979-0. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 33299190. S2CID 228083468.
  552. ^ Black, Riley. "Earth's Biodiversity Bursts Do Not Follow Expected Pattern". Scientific American. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
  553. ^ "Artificial intelligence finds surprising patterns in Earth's biological mass extinctions". phys.org. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
  554. ^ Hoyal Cuthill, Jennifer F.; Guttenberg, Nicholas; Budd, Graham E. (December 2020). "Impacts of speciation and extinction measured by an evolutionary decay clock". Nature. 588 (7839): 636–641. Bibcode:2020Natur.588..636H. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-3003-4. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 33299185. S2CID 228090659. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
  555. ^ Davis, Nicola (25 September 2020). "'Any breed could do it': dogs might be a Covid tester's best friend". The Guardian. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  556. ^ Else, Holly (23 November 2020). "Can dogs smell COVID? Here's what the science says". Nature. 587 (7835): 530–531. Bibcode:2020Natur.587..530E. doi:10.1038/d41586-020-03149-9. PMID 33230277. S2CID 227158181. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  557. ^ Jendrny, Paula; Schulz, Claudia; Twele, Friederike; Meller, Sebastian; von Köckritz-Blickwede, Maren; Osterhaus, Albertus Dominicus Marcellinus Erasmus; Ebbers, Janek; Pilchová, Veronika; Pink, Isabell; Welte, Tobias; Manns, Michael Peter; Fathi, Anahita; Ernst, Christiane; Addo, Marylyn Martina; Schalke, Esther; Volk, Holger Andreas (23 July 2020). "Scent dog identification of samples from COVID-19 patients – a pilot study". BMC Infectious Diseases. 20 (1): 536. doi:10.1186/s12879-020-05281-3. ISSN 1471-2334. PMC 7376324. PMID 32703188.
  558. ^ Hunt, Katie. "Dogs can be trained to detect Covid-19 by sniffing human sweat, study suggests". CNN. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  559. ^ "Proof-of-concept study shows dogs can detect COVID-19 in human sweat". UPI. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  560. ^ Grandjean, Dominique; Sarkis, Riad; Lecoq-Julien, Clothilde; Benard, Aymeric; Roger, Vinciane; Levesque, Eric; Bernes-Luciani, Eric; Maestracci, Bruno; Morvan, Pascal; Gully, Eric; et al. (10 December 2020). "Can the detection dog alert on COVID-19 positive persons by sniffing axillary sweat samples? A proof-of-concept study". PLOS ONE. 15 (12): e0243122. Bibcode:2020PLoSO..1543122G. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0243122. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 7728218. PMID 33301539.
  561. ^ "Cognitive performance of four-months-old ravens may parallel adult apes". phys.org. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
  562. ^ Pika, Simone; Sima, Miriam Jennifer; Blum, Christian R.; Herrmann, Esther; Mundry, Roger (10 December 2020). "Ravens parallel great apes in physical and social cognitive skills". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 20617. Bibcode:2020NatSR..1020617P. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-77060-8. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 7728792. PMID 33303790.
  563. ^ a b Jenner, Lynn (9 December 2020). "Hubble Pins Down Weird Exoplanet with Far-Flung Orbit". NASA. Retrieved 31 December 2020.
  564. ^ Nguyen, Meiji M.; De Rosa, Robert J.; Kalas, Paul (10 December 2020). "First Detection of Orbital Motion for HD 106906 b: A Wide-separation Exoplanet on a Planet Nine–like Orbit". The Astronomical Journal. 161 (1): 22. arXiv:2012.04712. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/abc012. ISSN 1538-3881. S2CID 228063791.
  565. ^ "Scientists build whole functioning thymus from human cells". Francis Crick Institute. 11 December 2020. Retrieved 14 December 2020.
  566. ^ Campinoti, Sara; Gjinovci, Asllan; Ragazzini, Roberta; Zanieri, Luca; Ariza-McNaughton, Linda; Catucci, Marco; Boeing, Stefan; Park, Jong-Eun; Hutchinson, John C.; Muñoz-Ruiz, Miguel; Manti, Pierluigi G.; Vozza, Gianluca; Villa, Carlo E.; Phylactopoulos, Demetra-Ellie; Maurer, Constance; Testa, Giuseppe; Stauss, Hans J.; Teichmann, Sarah A.; Sebire, Neil J.; Hayday, Adrian C.; Bonnet, Dominique; Bonfanti, Paola (11 December 2020). "Reconstitution of a functional human thymus by postnatal stromal progenitor cells and natural whole-organ scaffolds". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 6372. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.6372C. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-20082-7. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7732825. PMID 33311516.
  567. ^ "Chance played a major role in keeping Earth fit for life". phys.org. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
  568. ^ Tyrrell, Toby (11 December 2020). "Chance played a role in determining whether Earth stayed habitable". Communications Earth & Environment. 1 (1): 61. Bibcode:2020ComEE...1...61T. doi:10.1038/s43247-020-00057-8. ISSN 2662-4435. S2CID 228086341.
  569. ^ "Whole genomes map pathways of chimpanzee and bonobo divergence". phys.org. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
  570. ^ Kovalaskas, Sarah; Rilling, James K.; Lindo, John (2020). "Comparative analyses of the Pan lineage reveal selection on gene pathways associated with diet and sociality in bonobos". Genes, Brain and Behavior. 20 (3): e12715. doi:10.1111/gbb.12715. ISSN 1601-183X. PMID 33200560. S2CID 226988471.
  571. ^ Zimmer, Carl; Carey, Benedict (21 December 2020). "The U.K. Coronavirus Variant: What We Know". The New York Times. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  572. ^ a b c "WHO | SARS-CoV-2 Variants". WHO. Archived from the original on 31 December 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  573. ^ "Update On Covid-19 (18th December 2020) - SA Corona Virus Online Portal". SA Corona Virus Online Portal. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  574. ^ "Malaysia identifies new Covid-19 strain, similar to one found in 3 other countries". The Straits Times. 23 December 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  575. ^ "Yet another new COVID-19 variant seems to have developed, this one in Nigeria". www.cbsnews.com. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  576. ^ Carrington, Damian (23 December 2020). "Organic meat production just as bad for climate, study finds". The Guardian. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  577. ^ "Organic meats found to have approximately the same greenhouse impact as regular meats". phys.org. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  578. ^ Pieper, Maximilian; Michalke, Amelie; Gaugler, Tobias (15 December 2020). "Calculation of external climate costs for food highlights inadequate pricing of animal products". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 6117. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.6117P. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19474-6. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7738510. PMID 33323933.
  579. ^ a b "China's Chang'e-5 retrieves 1,731 grams of moon samples - Xinhua | English.news.cn". www.xinhuanet.com. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  580. ^ Friedlander, Blaine (16 December 2020). "Astronomers detect possible radio emission from exoplanet". Phys.org. Retrieved 16 December 2020.
  581. ^ Turner, J.D.; et al. (2021). "The search for radio emission from the exoplanetary systems 55 Cancri, upsilon Andromedae, and tau Boötis using LOFAR beam-formed observations". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 645: A59. arXiv:2012.07926. Bibcode:2021A&A...645A..59T. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201937201. ISSN 0004-6361. S2CID 212883637. Retrieved 16 December 2020.
  582. ^ "Chang'e-5 orbiter embarks on extended mission to Sun-Earth Lagrange point". SpaceNews. 21 December 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  583. ^ a b "Scientists looking for aliens investigate radio beam 'from nearby star'". The Guardian. 18 December 2020. Retrieved 31 December 2020.
  584. ^ O'Callaghan, Jonathan (18 December 2020). "Alien Hunters Discover Mysterious Radio Signal from Proxima Centauri". Scientific American. Retrieved 19 December 2020.
  585. ^ Overbye, Dennis (31 December 2020). "Was That a Dropped Call From ET? - A spooky radio signal showed up after a radio telescope was aimed at the next star over from our sun". The New York Times. Retrieved 31 December 2020.
  586. ^ "Space weather discovery puts 'habitable planets' at risk". phys.org. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
  587. ^ "Space weather in Proxima's vicinity dims hopes of habitable worlds | EarthSky.org". earthsky.org. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
  588. ^ Zic, Andrew; Murphy, Tara; et al. (2020). "A Flare-type IV Burst Event from Proxima Centauri and Implications for Space Weather". The Astrophysical Journal. 905 (1): 23. arXiv:2012.04642. Bibcode:2020ApJ...905...23Z. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abca90. S2CID 227745378.
  589. ^ "Brazilian forests found to be transitioning from carbon sinks to carbon sources". phys.org. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  590. ^ Maia, Vinícius Andrade; Santos, Alisson Borges Miranda; Aguiar-Campos, Natália de; Souza, Cléber Rodrigo de; Oliveira, Matheus Coutinho Freitas de; Coelho, Polyanne Aparecida; Morel, Jean Daniel; Costa, Lauana Silva da; Farrapo, Camila Laís; Fagundes, Nathalle Cristine Alencar; Paula, Gabriela Gomes Pires de; Santos, Paola Ferreira; Gianasi, Fernanda Moreira; Silva, Wilder Bento da; Oliveira, Fernanda de; Girardelli, Diego Teixeira; Araújo, Felipe de Carvalho; Vilela, Taynara Andrade; Pereira, Rafaella Tavares; Silva, Lidiany Carolina Arantes da; Menino, Gisele Cristina de Oliveira; Garcia, Paulo Oswaldo; Fontes, Marco Aurélio Leite; Santos, Rubens Manoel dos (1 December 2020). "The carbon sink of tropical seasonal forests in southeastern Brazil can be under threat". Science Advances. 6 (51): eabd4548. Bibcode:2020SciA....6.4548M. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abd4548. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 11206208. PMID 33355136. S2CID 229696284.
  591. ^ "UCI researchers use deep learning to identify gene regulation at single-cell level". University of California, Irvine. 5 January 2021. Retrieved 19 January 2021.
  592. ^ Fu, Laiyi; Zhang, Lihua; Dollinger, Emmanuel; Peng, Qinke; Nie, Qing; Xie, Xiaohui (1 December 2020). "Predicting transcription factor binding in single cells through deep learning". Science Advances. 6 (51): eaba9031. Bibcode:2020SciA....6.9031F. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aba9031. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 11206197. PMID 33355120. S2CID 229687369.
  593. ^ Larry Bogan. "Mutual Planetary Occultations Past and Future". www.bogan.ca. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
  594. ^ "Occultation of Saturn by Jupiter". Archived from the original on 4 June 2004.
  595. ^ "Scientists Achieve Direct Counterfactual Quantum Communication For The First Time". Futurism. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  596. ^ "Elementary particles part ways with their properties". phys.org. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  597. ^ McRae, Mike. "In a Mind-Bending New Paper, Physicists Give Schrodinger's Cat a Cheshire Grin". ScienceAlert. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  598. ^ Aharonov, Yakir; Rohrlich, Daniel (21 December 2020). "What Is Nonlocal in Counterfactual Quantum Communication?". Physical Review Letters. 125 (26): 260401. arXiv:2011.11667. Bibcode:2020PhRvL.125z0401A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.260401. PMID 33449741. S2CID 145994494. Retrieved 16 January 2021.
  599. ^ "Global food industry on course to drive rapid habitat loss – research". The Guardian. 21 December 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
  600. ^ "Current food production systems could mean far-reaching habitat loss". phys.org. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
  601. ^ Williams, David R.; Clark, Michael; Buchanan, Graeme M.; Ficetola, G. Francesco; Rondinini, Carlo; Tilman, David (21 December 2020). "Proactive conservation to prevent habitat losses to agricultural expansion". Nature Sustainability. 4 (4): 314–322. Bibcode:2020NatSu...4..314W. doi:10.1038/s41893-020-00656-5. hdl:2434/857211. ISSN 2398-9629. S2CID 229346085. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
  602. ^ Hunt, Katie. "The moon may have far more lunar craters than previously known". CNN. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
  603. ^ Yang, Chen; Zhao, Haishi; Bruzzone, Lorenzo; Benediktsson, Jon Atli; Liang, Yanchun; Liu, Bin; Zeng, Xingguo; Guan, Renchu; Li, Chunlai; Ouyang, Ziyuan (22 December 2020). "Lunar impact crater identification and age estimation with Chang'E data by deep and transfer learning". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 6358. arXiv:1912.01240. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.6358Y. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-20215-y. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7755906. PMID 33353954.
  604. ^ "Kernowite: New mineral found on rock mined in Cornwall". BBC News. 23 December 2020. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
  605. ^ "Masks block 99.9% of large Covid-linked droplets: Study". Straits Times. 23 December 2020. Retrieved 24 December 2020.
  606. ^ Bandiera, Lucia; Pavar, Geethanjali; Pisetta, Gabriele; Otomo, Shuji; Mangano, Enzo; Seckl, Jonathan R.; Digard, Paul; Molinari, Emanuela; Menolascina, Filippo; Viola, Ignazio Maria (2020). "Face coverings and respiratory tract droplet dispersion". Royal Society Open Science. 7 (12): 201663. Bibcode:2020RSOS....701663B. doi:10.1098/rsos.201663. PMC 7813263. PMID 33489292. S2CID 229355165.
  607. ^ "NIH study uncovers blood vessel damage and inflammation in COVID-19 patients' brains but no infection". National Institutes of Health (NIH). 30 December 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
  608. ^ Celine, Tiziana (8 January 2021). "COVID-19's Severe Damage to Brain Tissues Found Through Studying Autopsies". Science Times. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
  609. ^ Lee, Myoung-Hwa; Perl, Daniel P.; Nair, Govind; Li, Wenxue; Maric, Dragan; Murray, Helen; Dodd, Stephen J.; Koretsky, Alan P.; Watts, Jason A.; Cheung, Vivian; Masliah, Eliezer; Horkayne-Szakaly, Iren; Jones, Robert; Stram, Michelle N.; Moncur, Joel; Hefti, Marco; Folkerth, Rebecca D.; Nath, Avindra (30 December 2020). "Microvascular Injury in the Brains of Patients with Covid-19". New England Journal of Medicine. 384 (5): 481–483. doi:10.1056/nejmc2033369. PMC 7787217. PMID 33378608.
  610. ^ "Desalination Breakthrough Could Lead to Cheaper Water Filtration". University of Texas at Austin. 31 December 2020. Retrieved 1 January 2021.
  611. ^ Culp, Tyler E.; Khara, Biswajit; Brickey, Kaitlyn P.; Geitner, Michael; Zimudzi, Tawanda J.; Wilbur, Jeffrey D.; Jons, Steven D.; Roy, Abhishek; Paul, Mou; Ganapathysubramanian, Baskar; Zydney, Andrew L.; Kumar, Manish; Gomez, Enrique D. (1 January 2021). "Nanoscale control of internal inhomogeneity enhances water transport in desalination membranes". Science. 371 (6524): 72–75. Bibcode:2021Sci...371...72C. doi:10.1126/science.abb8518. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 33384374. S2CID 229935140. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
  612. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2020". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
  613. ^ Kaplan, Sarah. "Nobel Prize in medicine awarded for discovery of hepatitis C". Washington Post. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
  614. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2020". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
  615. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2020". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
  616. ^ "VinFuture, Vietnamese-initiated global sci-tech prize, launched". THE VOICE OF VIETNAM. 20 December 2020. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
  617. ^ "Rudolf Kippenhahn (24.5.1926 – 15.11.2020)". www.mpa-garching.mpg.de. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
[edit]


Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2020_in_science&oldid=1249572760"