Nasir Khan I Ahmadzai
| Nasir Khan I Ahmadzai | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasir-e-Millat-e-Muhammadiya Bradar-e-Wafadar Ghazi-e-Din Begler Begi | |||||
| Khan of Kalat Khan-e-Azam of Balochistan | |||||
| Reign | 1749–1794 | ||||
| Predecessor | Muhabbat Khan Ahmadzai | ||||
| Successor | Mahmud Khan I Ahmadzai | ||||
| Born | c. 1724 Kalat, Khanate of Kalat (present-day Kalat, Balochistan, Pakistan) | ||||
| Died | 1794 Kalat, Khanate of Kalat (present-day Kalat, Balochistan, Pakistan) | ||||
| Issue | Mahmud Khan I Ahmadzai | ||||
| |||||
| House | Brahui | ||||
| Dynasty | Ahmadzai dynasty | ||||
| Father | Abdullah Khan Ahmadzai | ||||
| Mother | Bibi Maryam | ||||
| Religion | Sunni Islam | ||||
Mir Muhammad Nasir Khan I Ahmadzai (Balochi: میر محمد نصیر خان اول احمد زئی) was the Khan of Kalat between 1749 and 1794.[1] Considered greatest of the Khans of Kalat, his reign was marked by maximum expansion of the state as well as political consolidation of the Khanate of Kalat. He was known as Nasir Khan Noori among his subjects.[2][3]
Early life
[edit]Mir Nasir Khan was the son of Mir Abdullah Khan, Khan of Kalat between 1714 and 1734, and his chief consort Bibi Maryam. Mir Abdullah had greatly expanded the borders of the Khanate, and conquered the region of Balochistan from Bandar Abbas to Karachi. His conflicts with the Kalhoras of Sindh ultimately led to war with them and his subsequent death in the Battle of Kachhi in 1731.[4] During Nader Shah's invasion of India, Nasir Khan's brother, Mir Mohabbat Khan, was the Khan of Kalat. Nader Shah confirmed him in his position. In the following events, Mir Nasir Khan was sent as hostage of Afsharids to Isfahan where he remained till 1748.[2][5]
He was the sixth ruler of kalat was one of the most prominent and influential rulers of the Khanate of Kalat. He played a crucial role in consolidating Baloch power, unifying the Baloch tribes, and shaping the political and administrative structure of the Khanate.[6]
The border of Balochestan in the reign of Nasir khan stretched from across modern-day Pakistan, Iran, and Afghanistan. Northern Border in areas such as Helmand and parts of Kandahar(Balochistan, Afghanistan). In the East stretched as far as Punjab including Dera Ghazi Khan, in the south Makran coast along the Arabian Sea from karachi to bandar abbas, in the western included Persian Balochistan (modern-day Sistan and Baluchestan Province in Iran), Kerman and Bandar abbas.[7]
Reign
[edit]Nasir Khan began his reign in 1749 when Ahmad Shah Durrani, the ruler of the Durrani Empire, replaced Haji Khan, who was the previous ruler of Kalat. Throughout his reign, Nasir Khan undertook 25 military campaigns. He had accompanied Ahmad Shah in his campaign in Khorasan as well as the Third battle of Panipat. His wars against the Talpur dynasty of Sindh led to their acceptance of his overlordship. He also led campaigns against the Sikhs in Punjab, accompanying Ahmad Shah, as well as campaigning against Ali Mardan Khan of Tun and Tabas in eastern Iran.[2][5]
Treaty with the Afghans
[edit]He had accompanied Ahmad Shah in his campaigns in India. However, when Marathas ousted the Afghans in 1758, he declared independence, prompting Afghan invasion. The succeeding treaty of Kalat recognized the internal independent status of Kalat, although Nasir Khan still acknowledged the overlordship of Ahmed Shah Durrani.[8][9]
Foreign relations
[edit]Nasir Khan I exchanged embassies with the Ottoman Caliphate, Durrani Empire, Afsharid Iran as well as Sultanate of Oman.[10] He had given refuge to the Omani prince, Sayyed Solṭān bin Aḥmad in 1784. Although Nasir Khan initially promised him to help in re-instating him over Oman, he in the end only gave him the port of Gwadar. Soltan bin Ahmad ultimately became Sultan of Oman in 1792, and Gwadar became part of Sultanate of Oman. It remained so until 1958, when it was purchased by the Government of Pakistan.[2] He received the titles of Ghazi-e-Din by the Ottoman Caliphs as well as Begler Begi from the Durrani rulers. He also received the representatives (wakil) from the Talpur Sindh as a vassal province.[10]
Death
[edit]He died in 1794 in his residence in Kalat (modern-day Balochistan).
References
[edit]- ^ Hamdam, Hassan (2020). The Right to Self-Determination Under International Law and Politics: the Case of the Baloch People. Trafford Publishing. ISBN 9781698704364.
- ^ a b c d "Baluchistan". Encyclopedia Iranica.
- ^ Badalkhan, Sabir (2013). Two Essays on Baloch History and Folklore. Balochistan Monograph Series, V. Naples, Italy: Universita degli studi di Napoli. pp. 38, 50, 85. ISBN 978-88-6719-060-7.
- ^ Encyclopaedia Iranica. Routledge & Kegan Paul. 1988. ISBN 978-0-7100-9090-4.
- ^ a b Mir Naseer Khan Ahmedzai Kambarani Baloch. A History of the Baloch and Balochistan (2023). ASIN B0D66DTRMW.
- ^ Ramsey, Syed (2017). Balochistan In Quest of Freedom. VIJ Books (India) PVT Limited. ISBN 9789386834393.
- ^ Siddiqi, Farhan Hanif (2012). The Politics of Ethnicity in Pakistan. Routledge. p. 54. ISBN 9780415686143.
- ^ Hasan Dani, Ahmad (2003). History of Civilizations of Central Asia: Development in contrast : from the sixteenth to the mid-nineteenth century. UNESCO. p. 289. ISBN 9789231038761.
- ^ Ahmadzai Baloch, Mir Naseer Khan (1988). Tārīk̲h̲-i Baloc va Balocistān, Volume 5 (in Urdu). Balocī Ikaiḍamī. pp. 206, 242, 406.
- ^ a b Breseeg, Taj Mohammad (2004). Baloch Nationalism: Its Origin and Development. Royal Book Company. p. 121. ISBN 978-969-407-309-5.