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Much Wenlock

Coordinates: 52°35′48″N 2°33′29″W / 52.5966°N 2.5580°W / 52.5966; -2.5580
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Much Wenlock
Holy Trinity Church (centre) and the Guildhall (right)
Much Wenlock is located in Shropshire
Much Wenlock
Much Wenlock
Location within Shropshire
Population2,877 (2011)[1]
OS grid referenceSO623997
Civil parish
  • Much Wenlock [2]
Unitary authority
Ceremonial county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townMUCH WENLOCK
Postcode districtTF13
Dialling code01952
PoliceWest Mercia
FireShropshire
AmbulanceWest Midlands
UK Parliament
List of places
UK
England
Shropshire
52°35′48″N 2°33′29″W / 52.5966°N 2.5580°W / 52.5966; -2.5580

Much Wenlock is a market town and parish in Shropshire, England; it is situated on the A458 road between Shrewsbury and Bridgnorth. Nearby, to the north-east, is the Ironbridge Gorge and Telford. The civil parish includes the villages of Homer (1 mile (1.6 km) north of the town), Wyke (2 miles (3.2 km) north-east), Atterley (2 miles (3.2 km) south-east), Stretton Westwood (2 miles (3.2 km) south-west) and Bourton (3 miles (4.8 km) south-west). The population of the civil parish, according to the 2001 Census, was 2,605, increasing to 2,877 by 2011.

Notable historic attractions in the town are Wenlock Priory, Wenlock Edge, Holy Trinity Church and the Guildhall. The Wenlock Olympian Games, established by William Penny Brookes in 1850, are centred in the town. Brookes is credited as a founding father of the modern Olympic Games and one of the London 2012 Summer Olympics mascots was named Wenlock, after the town.

Toponym

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Much Wenlock is historically the chief town of the ancient borough of Wenlock. "Much" was added to distinguish it from the nearby Little Wenlock and to show it is the larger of the two settlements. The name Wenlock probably comes from the Celtic name Wininicas, meaning "white area" (in reference to the limestone of Wenlock Edge), plus the Old English loca, meaning "enclosed place".[3] The town was recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Wenloch.[3]

History

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Historic council chamber, Guildhall, Much Wenlock

Early history

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Richard Fletcher mentions Much Wenlock as one of the possible locations where a Sub-Roman British Christian community may have survived the Anglo-Saxon occupation and eventually integrated with the conquerors and influenced their culture.[4]

The town of Wenlock is known to have grown up around an abbey or monastery founded around 680[5] by Merewalh, a son of King Penda of Mercia, with the small town within its parish boundaries. King Penda installed his daughter Milburga as abbess in 687. Milburga of Wenlock was credited with many miraculous works.[6] The abbey flourished until around 874 when it is thought that a Danish Viking attack occurred.[7]

The Domesday Book records the manor as 'Wenloch' and forming part of the hundred of Patton. It was already at this time a fairly large settlement, with 73 households. The abbey is also recorded in the book, separately.[3][8] In the 11th century another religious house was built on the same site by Leofric, Earl of Mercia and Countess Godiva his wife. In the 12th century this was replaced by a Cluniac priory, established by Roger de Montgomery after the Norman Conquest, the ruins of which can still be seen and which is now in the care of English Heritage.[9]

Early in the 12th century the hundred of Patton was merged with Culvestan to form the hundred of Munslow, but in 1198 Much Wenlock, together with the other manors held by Wenlock Priory, was transferred to the hundredal jurisdiction of the Liberty of Wenlock (also known as Wenlock Franchise).[9]

The Manor of Much Wenlock belonged to the Cluniac Priory until the dissolution of the monasteries in 1540 when it passed to the Lawley family, and then by marriage of Ursula Lawley to the Bertie family.[9]

Borough of Wenlock

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In 1468 Edward IV granted the men of Much Wenlock a charter forming the Borough of Wenlock, at the request of Sir John Wenlock, and "in consideration of the laudable services which the men of the town performed in assisting the king to gain possession of the crown." The charter was confirmed in 1547 by Henry VIII after Wenlock Priory was suppressed in the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1539. The charter was again confirmed in 1631 by Charles I.[10]

Over the years the borough asserted jurisdiction over the liberty of Wenlock. The lands of the liberty included rural areas and a number of detached parts well outside the town, and this resulted in an unusual, geographically dispersed borough.[11] At its height, it was – by area – the largest borough in England[12] outside London and encompassed several of the towns that now constitute Telford. The borough had unusual boundaries, covering Much Wenlock itself, but also Little Wenlock, Broseley and Ironbridge, a total area of 71 square miles (180 km2). In 1836 the borough was reformed as a municipal borough under the Municipal Corporations Act 1835, and lost some of its rural areas and detached parts. The borough was further reduced in size in 1889, and was finally abolished in 1966.[9]

Later history

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11-year-old Alice Glaston from Little Wenlock was hanged together with two men in Much Wenlock on 13 April 1546, for an unknown crime.[13][14][15] She is the youngest known girl legally executed in Great Britain, though 8- or 9-year-old John Dean was hanged for arson in 1629.[16]

Sir Thomas Wolryche, 1st Baronet (1598–1668) was an English landowner and politician who sat in the House of Commons for Wenlock between 1621 and 1625. He fought in the Royalist army in the English Civil War, serving as military governor of Bridgnorth.[17]

In 1714, the Manor of Much Wenlock was held by Viscount Gage, who sold it to the Williams-Wynn family.[9]

In the 19th century the town and much of the surrounding land came into the possession of James Milnes Gaskell, from his wife's family the Williams-Wynns. James was MP for Wenlock for many years. His son Charles Milnes Gaskell restored the Priory lodging as a home with his wife Lady Catherine, daughter of the Earl of Portsmouth. There they entertained many famous people of the day, writers, politicians, artists and explorers, among them Thomas Hardy, Henry Adams, Henry James, Thomas Woolner, Henry Morton Stanley, Isabella Bird and Philip Webb.[18]

Much Wenlock has become known as the birthplace of Wenlock Olympian Games set up by William Penny Brookes and his Wenlock Olympian Society (WOS) in 1850.[19] In 1861 he was also instrumental in setting up the Shropshire Olympian Games and later in 1866, the National Olympian Games. Dr Brookes is credited as a founding father of the Modern Olympic Games. In 1890 it was the turn of the Raven Hotel to be the venue for the annual post Wenlock Olympian Games' dinner, and Baron Pierre de Coubertin was the guest of honour. Copies of some of the WOS's archive images are on display in the hotel, including letters from Coubertin to Brookes.[20] The Wenlock Olympian Games, a nine-day event staged on eight sites across Shropshire, are still held annually during July, and are still organised by WOS. Much Wenlock's secondary school is named William Brookes School after Dr Brookes.[21]

The London 2012 Summer Olympics mascot was named Wenlock[22] to honour Brookes, WOS and Much Wenlock. On 30 May 2012, the Olympic flame of the 2012 Summer Olympics, was carried through Much Wenlock to acknowledge the founding footsteps of Brookes.[23]

Recent times

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When the Borough was abolished in 1966 the core Wenlock parts became part of the Bridgnorth Rural District,[24] with other parts also going to Dawley Urban District and to Wellington Rural District. In 1974 Much Wenlock joined Bridgnorth District until it was abolished in 2009. It is now represented in the unitary Shropshire Council.[25]

In 1983, actress Gabrielle Drake and her husband purchased Much Wenlock Manor and restored the Priory lodging.[9]

Much Wenlock was the location for the third broadcast episode (the first filmed) of the first series of the archaeology television programme Time Team in 1994.[26]

In 2019, Much Wenlock was featured by The Sunday Times as one of the best places to live in the UK.[27]

In May 2023 a site near the town was the location for the discovery, by metal detectorist Richard Brock from Somerset, of "Hiro's Nugget", the largest gold nugget ever found in England. It is estimated to be worth over £30,000.[28][29]

Churches

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Holy Trinity Church

Holy Trinity Church, in Wilmore Street, is the Anglican parish church. The first church on this site was built in Anglo-Saxon times. The present church dates from 1150 and was built by the Cluniac monks from Wenlock Priory. Features of interest include the plain Norman tower which had a spire until early in the 20th century, and a memorial inside the church to W. P. Brookes as well as the refurbished family gravestones in the churchyard. The churchyard is a large, open, green space with some tall trees. The Shit Brook ran along the road towards the church before it was culverted. There is also a Methodist church in King Street.[30]

Other buildings

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See also: Listed buildings in Much Wenlock

Other architectural attractions include the 16th-century Much Wenlock Guildhall,[31] and the mid-19th century Much Wenlock Corn Exchange.[32]

Cultural associations

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Bookshop in Much Wenlock
  • St. Milburga's Well was supposed to cure eye diseases and the town was a destination popular for medieval pilgrims, coming to worship at St Milburga's Shrine.
  • The Victorian era romantic painter and sculptor Robert Bateman (1842–1922) lived near Much Wenlock, at the 16th century Benthall Hall. In 1907 Walter Crane described his painting as "a magic world of romance and pictured poetry ... a twilight world of dark mysterious woodlands, haunted streams, meads of deep green starred with burning flowers, veiled in a dim and mystic light."
  • Novelist Mary Webb (then Mary Meredith), lived in childhood at The Grange just outside the town, on the Church Stretton road, from 1882 to 1896.[33]
  • Based on study of railway journeys and times, Michael Cobb argued in 1977 that Much Wenlock could have been a location setting for the fictional Shropshire town of Market Blandings in the writings of P.G. Wodehouse.[34]
  • Nearby is Wenlock Edge, an important geological feature. Both the Edge and the town are the subject of several poems by A. E. Housman in his work A Shropshire Lad, such as: "On Wenlock Edge the wood's in trouble..." and "Tis time, I think, by Wenlock town...". In 1909 six of these poems were set to music by Vaughan Williams as On Wenlock Edge, Song cycle for tenor and piano quintet.
  • The 2012 Summer Olympics mascot, Wenlock, is named after the town in honour of WP Brookes and his Wenlock Olympian Society.[35]
  • Much Wenlock was host to an annual Poetry Festival, held the week-end after Easter. Its patron was Dame Carol Ann Duffy.
  • The annual Live Arts Festival held during March is a section of Wenlock Olympian Games. There are competitions in music, creative writing and dance for young people aged 18 years and under.

Other notable people

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Mary Beard, 2017

Films

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  • In 1950 the town and its surrounding countryside were the locations of the film Gone to Earth by Powell and Pressburger.[45] In 1985 the film was fully restored by the National Film Archive, and premiered to great acclaim. The New Statesman review claimed the restored film to be... "One of the great British regional films" ...(and)... "one of the most beautiful films ever to be shot of the English countryside". The film was based on the 1917 novel of the same name by the Shropshire writer Mary Webb,[46] which was partly inspired by the Diary of Francis Kilvert.
  • The John Cleese film Clockwise was filmed partly in and around Much Wenlock.[47]

Schools

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Media

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Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC West Midlands and ITV Central. Television signals are received from either the Wrekin[50] or Sutton Coldfield TV transmitters.[51]

Local radio stations are BBC Radio Shropshire, Heart West Midlands, Capital North West and Wales, Smooth West Midlands, Hits Radio Black Country & Shropshire, and Greatest Hits Radio Black Country & Shropshire.

The town is served by the local newspaper, Shropshire Star.[52]

Transport

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Bus

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  • The 436/7 bus service connects Much Wenlock with Shrewsbury, with the 436 also connecting the town with Bridgnorth. Both services operate hourly between 07:00 and 19:00. A less frequent service links the town to Telford.
  • A Shropshire Hills Shuttle service at weekends and on Bank Holidays during the spring and summer started in 2012, but ceased in 2013. The route, called the "Wenlock Wanderer", connected the town with Church Stretton and operated mostly along the B4371 which runs atop the Wenlock Edge, before turning off to Acton Scott and then to Marshbrook and the market town of Church Stretton.[53]

Rail

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Much Wenlock used to be served by trains between Wellington and Craven Arms. The station became a terminus when through running southwards to Craven Arms ceased in 1951. The branch closed in 1962, just before Dr Beeching published his report.[54]

The nearest National Rail stations are Shrewsbury, Wellington, and Oakengates, although Bridgnorth has a heritage railway to Kidderminster.

Twin towns

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Much Wenlock is twinned with Cysoing, Nord, France.[55]

References

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  1. ^ "Town population 2011". Archived from the original on 22 November 2015. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
  2. ^ "Much Wenlock Town Council – Shropshire, England".
  3. ^ a b c Hanks, Patrick; Hodges, Flavia; Mills, A. D.; Room, Adrian (2002). The Oxford Names Companion. Oxford: the University Press. p. 1238. ISBN 0198605617.
  4. ^ Fletcher, Richard (1997). The Conversion of Europe. London: HarperCollins. p. 172. ISBN 0-00-255203-5.
  5. ^ Finberg, Early Charters of the West Midlands, 209, dates the earliest charter in the Testament as 675 × 90.
  6. ^ See H. P. R. Finberg, Early Charters of the West Midlands (1961), 197–216; A. J. M. Edwards, 'An early 12th century account of St. Milburga of Much Wenlock', T.S.A.S. lvii. 134–42. The publication of this new material relating to St Milburga involves a revision of the older accounts of the early history of Wenlock in Eyton, iii. 225 and Jnl. Brit. Arch. Assoc. 3rd ser. iv. 117.
  7. ^ Salopian Shreds and Patches. Vol. 10. 1892. p. 126.
  8. ^ Anna Powell-Smith (ed.). "Place: [Much] Wenlock". Open Domesday. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
  9. ^ a b c d e f "The Liberty and Borough of Wenlock". Victoria County History. A History of the County of Shropshire: Volume 10, Munslow Hundred (Part), the Liberty and Borough of Wenlock. 1998. pp. 187–212. Retrieved 17 November 2018.
  10. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Wenlock" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 518–519.
  11. ^ "Map showing the boundaries of Wenlock Borough in the early 1800s".
  12. ^ "Shropshire Borough & District Councils". Shropshire History. Retrieved 1 July 2014.
  13. ^ Butler, Sir Thomas (1861). The Cambrian Journal, 49. London. p. 89.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  14. ^ "Alice Glaston". wordpress.com. 19 March 2010. Retrieved 7 April 2018.
  15. ^ "Children & juvenile executions". www.capitalpunishmentuk.org. Retrieved 7 April 2018.
  16. ^ "Children & juvenile executions". www.capitalpunishmentuk.org.
  17. ^ Cokayne, George E. (George Edward) (21 March 1900). "Complete baronetage". Exeter : W. Pollard & co., ltd. – via Internet Archive.
  18. ^ Gamble, Cynthia, 2015 Wenlock Abbey 1857–1919: A Shropshire Country House and the Milnes Gaskell Family, Ellingham Press.
  19. ^ Beale, Catherine (2011). Born Out of Wenlock, William Penny Brookes and the British origins of the modern Olympics. Derby: DB Publishing. p. 25. ISBN 978-1-85983-967-6.
  20. ^ "Raven Hotel website". 8 October 2010. Retrieved 8 October 2010.
  21. ^ "School Prospectus". William Brookes School. 13 May 2016. p. 3. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
  22. ^ [1] Archived 7 August 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  23. ^ "Day 12: Olympic Flame visits Much Wenlock and the Ironbridge Gorge – London 2012 Olympics". London2012.com. Archived from the original on 17 August 2012. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
  24. ^ Great Britain Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth, Much Wenlock CP/AP. Retrieved 17 November 2018.
  25. ^ "Shropshire (Structural Change) Order 2008". Legislation.gov.uk. Retrieved 28 September 2019.
  26. ^ "Programmes – Most Popular – All 4". Channel4.com. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
  27. ^ "Much Wenlock, Shropshire – Best Places to Live in the UK 2019". The Sunday Times. London. 14 April 2019. Retrieved 12 May 2019.
  28. ^ Murray, Jessica (20 March 2024). "England's largest gold nugget found in Shropshire with faulty metal detector". The Guardian.
  29. ^ "Detectorist with faulty gear finds 'England's largest' gold nugget". BBC News. 21 March 2024.
  30. ^ "Much Wenlock Methodist Church". Telford Methodist Circuit. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
  31. ^ Historic England. "Guildhall, Much Wenlock (1053794)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 26 August 2019.
  32. ^ Historic England. "County Library (1189235)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
  33. ^ Dickins, Gordon (1987). An Illustrated Literary Guide to Shropshire. Shropshire Libraries. pp. 74, 104. ISBN 0-903802-37-6.
  34. ^ Wodehouse, Pelham Grenville; appendices by Richard Usborne; ill. by Ionicus (1977). Sunset at Blandings. London: Chatto & Windus. p. 195. ISBN 0701122374.
  35. ^ "London 2012 unveils Games mascots Wenlock & Mandeville". BBC News. 19 May 2010. Retrieved 19 May 2010.
  36. ^ "Cranage, David Herbert Somerset (CRNG885DH)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
  37. ^ IMDb Database retrieved 13 February 2018
  38. ^ The Guardian, 23 February 2011, Tony Levin obituary retrieved 13 February 2018
  39. ^ BBC News Wales, 1 September 1999, UK: Wales: AMs retrieved 13 February 2018
  40. ^ IMDb Database retrieved 13 February 2018
  41. ^ The Observer profile, Sun 29 Apr 2012, The classicist with the common touch retrieved 13 February 2018
  42. ^ SoccerBase Database retrieved 13 February 2018
  43. ^ "Matthew Green (Lib-Dem)". Ludlow Advertiser. 24 May 2001. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
  44. ^ IzzySings website retrieved 13 February 2018
  45. ^ TCM Notes
  46. ^ Gone to Earth
  47. ^ Three of the best: David Newpart on three big theatrical names going into films Newport, David. The Guardian 1 August 1985: 11.
  48. ^ http://www.muchwenlock.shropshire.sch.uk/ Much Wenlock Primary School
  49. ^ http://williambrookes.com/ William Brookes School
  50. ^ "Full Freeview on the The[sic] Wrekin (Telford and Wrekin, England) transmitter". UK Free TV. 1 May 2004. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  51. ^ "Sutton Coldfield (Birmingham, England) Full Freeview transmitter". UK Free TV. 1 May 2004. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  52. ^ "Shropshire Star". British Papers. 10 September 2013. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  53. ^ "Weekend Shuttle Buses into the Shropshire Hills". shropshirehillsaonb.co.uk. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
  54. ^ Holland, Julian (2013). Dr Beeching's axe : 50 years on : illustrated memories of Britain's lost railways. Newton Abbott: David & Charles. p. 82. ISBN 9781446302675.
  55. ^ Much Wenlock Town Council website retrieved 19 January 2019

Further reading

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Much Wenlock.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Much Wenlock.
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