Barbara Wylie
Barbara Fanny Wylie | |
|---|---|
 Barbara Wylie [1] | |
| Born | 11 September 1861 Shrewbury, Shropshire, England |
| Died | 1954 (aged 91–92) |
| Occupation | Political activist |
| Organisation | Women's Social and Political Union |
| Relatives | David James Wylie (brother) |
Barbara Fanny Wylie (11 September 1861–1954) was a British suffragette.[2] In 1909 she joined the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) and in 1910 she joined the Glasgow branch of WSPU as an activist and organizer.[2] Wylie is best known for delivering a speech in support of women's suffrage during her 1912 Canadian speaking tour where she spoke the phrase "deeds not words".
Family
[edit]Barbara Fanny Wylie was born on 11th September 1861 in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England,[3] daughter of Scottish civil engineer, David Wylie and Elizabeth Clarke.
Wylie had three sisters and six brothers.[2] All four Wylie sisters were a part British women's movement.[2] Her brother David James Wylie achieved a civil engineering degree from Cheltenham College and in 1880 he emigrated to Saskatchewan, Canada and became representative with the Provincial Rights Party, from 1905 to 1917.[citation needed]
Women's Social and Political Union – WSPU
[edit]The Women's Social and Political Union was founded by Emmeline Pankhurst in 1903.[2] The WSPU's agenda to achieve equal franchise for women and was known for its use of militant tactics. The women of the WSPU were not afraid to use violence, go against the law, break windows, rebel against the political leaders as well as spend time in jail.[4] In 1909, Wylie joined the Glasgow branch,[5] which had formed March 1906. By 1910 she was assigned as organizer, however, in 1913 she resigned when Sylvia Pankhurst took over as honorary secretary.[2]
Wylie engaged in the militant action, gave speeches and rallied marches. On 25 July 1910, she was a speaker at Calton Hill, Edinburgh, delivering a synchronized speech that was also being delivered in London about the passing of the women's suffrage bill in its second reading, along with a plea to Parliament to allow the bill to pass into law.[6]
In 1911, Wylie was arrested and imprisoned for seven days.[1] On 11 September 1911, she addressed a suffrage meeting held at the Art Galleries in Kilmarnock, Ayrshire, and explained that women wanted enfranchisement as "only by its means could they express themselves as women and protect their interests as human beings”.[7]
In March 1912, she took part in a window smashing raid in London[8] and was arrested.[9] On 10 August 1912, Wylie was a part of an open-air meeting that addressed the injustice women were facing due to their lack of ability to vote, supported by the fact that women were already, in fact, a part of politics as well as working and supporting themselves, but without a voice.[10]
Also during 1912, the WSPU hosted an open-air meeting in Doncaster, South Yorkshire, and a crowd of anti-suffragists attacked the event, heckling Wylie who was speaking, snatching away leaflets and throwing rotten eggs and orange peel until the meeting was broken up.[11] Violet Key Jones was one of the organisers of the event and later said: "this sort of rowdyism can only help the cause... I would have spoken if I could make my voice heard above the noise".[12] When Wylie spoke in Bradford on Avon, Wiltshire, with Aethel Tollemache, the women had to be escorted to the railway station by the Police in order to protect them from a crowd of young men who had howled at and rushed at them.[13]
Canada tour (1912-1913)
[edit]Wylie went to Canada in 1912 on a speaking tour.[14][dead link] [15] The women's rights movement of Canada had asked for a representative of their sister branch the WPSU to speak across the country to bolster and unite the suffragists’ branches within Canada, to strengthen the position of the women in Canada, to offer them support and, according to Wylie, if all else fails to instil militant action in order to make change happen.[16] Pankhurst felt that Wylie had an advantage in Canada as her brother David was in the Province of Saskatchewan Conservative government. David Wylie, however, was not a supporter of the women's movement until 1917.[citation needed] Another Conservative member Albert Bradshaw took Wylie's initiative to the legislature.[4]
Wylie was initially not welcomed to Canada due to her militant reputation and was warned that if she started any riots that she would be deported immediately, as the suffragists in Canada did not display the same type of militant force as the WSPU.[17] However, this wound not stop Wylie, and she indicated that she would come to Canada by airplane if she had to.[18]
Before her departure, Wylie met with Prime Minister Robert Borden of Canada in London.[19] She laid a foundation for why the WSPU was coming to Canada, in the hope that he would show full support women's rights.[20][dead link] She had a single major goal during her tour, to move Canadian women from passivity to demands to be heard.[4]
The tour started in Quebec. On 4 November 1912, she was in Montreal, Quebec, giving a speech with Emmeline Pankhurst, Sylvia Pankhurst and Forbes Robertson Hale. She urged the women who attended to stand up for rights and freedoms and voice a stance for change.[21][dead link]
On 3 April 1913, in Calgary, Alberta, Wylie gave a speech that became the speech she was known for and also became a slogan for the WPSU. She said: “Abandon ladylike constitutional methods. Don’t be docile, don’t be ladylike. Don’t dread being conspicuous. Now is the time for deeds, not words".[4] She used descriptive language and implications that the women have not been standing up for themselves and that it was imperative that these women needed to start taking action and by any means possible, yet the women of Calgary did not take to that implications too lightly.[22][dead link]
She also spoke in Vancouver and New Westminster in British Columbia[23] and addressed meetings in Regina, Moose Jaw and Maple Creek in Saskatchewan.[24]
Return to England
[edit]Back in England, Wylie published articles about her tour including one called "Woman's position in Canada."[25]
On 22 June 1914 Wylie was arrested again outside His Majesty's Theatre.[2]
Friendship with Emmeline Pankhurst
[edit]Wylie was a close friend and ally of Emmeline Pankhurst within the suffrage movement.[2] There were many times that Wylie supported Pankhurst, including on 22 May 1914 when she was acted as a bodyguard to protect Pankhurst from being arrested at St. Andrew's Hall, Glasgow. This ended with Wylie being injured and arrested.[2] Wylie's home was also considered a safe haven, nicknamed “the mouse hole” that Pankhurst used when she was hiding from the police.[26]
In 1919, Wylie was among a group of former suffragettes who raised a "testimonial fund" to support Christabel and Emmeline Pankhurst through a time of financial difficulty.[27] When Emmeline Pankhurst passed away on 14 June 1928, Wylie was one of her pallbearers, alongside other former suffragettes Georgiana Brackenbury, Marie Brackenbury, Marion Wallace Dunlop, Harriet Kerr, Kitty Marshall, Marie Naylor and Ada Wright.[28]
Later life
[edit]![[icon]](/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2025) |
Wylie died in 1954.[citation needed]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b Ltd, London News Agency Photos (12 September 1912), English: Barbara Wylie shaking hands with Emmeline Pankhurst at Euston Station before leaving for Canada on a speaking tour for the WSPU, retrieved 17 November 2021
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Crawford, Elizabeth (2003). The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide 1866-1928. Taylor & Francis. doi:10.4324/9780203031094. ISBN 9780203031094.
- ^ "Miss Barbara Fanny Wylie". Database - Women's Suffrage Resources. Retrieved 9 January 2025.
- ^ a b c d Sangster, Joan (5 July 2018). "Exporting suffrage: British influences on the Canadian suffrage movement". Women's History Review. 28 (4): 566–586. doi:10.1080/09612025.2018.1493765. ISSN 0961-2025. S2CID 149626808.
- ^ Cowman, Krista (15 July 2007). Women of the Right Spirit: Paid Organisers of the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU), 1904-18. Manchester University Press. p. 236. ISBN 978-0-7190-7002-0.
- ^ "Suffragist Demonstrations in London and Edinburgh." Aberdeen Journal, 25 July 1910, p. 6. Accessed 17 November 2021.
- ^ Wright, Valerie (6 August 2022). "Hollie Watt – The Suffrage Movement in Ayrshire and Arran". Women's History Scotland. Retrieved 9 January 2025.
- ^ Leneman, Leah (1995). A Guid Cause: The Women's Suffrage Movement in Scotland. Mercat Press. p. 273. ISBN 978-1-873644-48-5.
- ^ Godfrey, Jennifer (4 July 2024). Secret Missions of the Suffragettes: Glassbreakers and Safe Houses. Pen and Sword History. ISBN 978-1-3990-1397-0.
- ^ "Votes for Women." Bath Chronicle and Weekly Gazette, 10 August 1912, p. 2. Accessed 17 November 2021.
- ^ Cowman, Krista (2007). The Militant Suffragette Movement in York. Borthwick Publications. p. 22. ISBN 978-1-904497-21-9.
- ^ Liddington, Jill (3 September 2015). Rebel Girls: How votes for women changed Edwardian lives. Little, Brown Book Group. ISBN 978-0-349-00781-6.
- ^ Boyce, Lucienne. Swindon, Wiltshire and the Suffragettes. Retrieved 9 January 2025.
- ^ Mass, Boston (20 September 1912). "Suffragist goes to Canada". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
- ^ Lang, Marjory (26 August 1999). Women Who Made the News: Female Journalists in Canada, 1880-1945. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. p. 222. ISBN 978-0-7735-6774-0.
- ^ "500". cdm22007.contentdm.oclc.org. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
- ^ "At the First Sign of Violence." Nottingham Evening Post, 28 September 1912, p. 5. Accessed 17 November 2021.
- ^ "Will Not Be Kept out of Canada." Nottingham Evening Post, 20 September 1912, p. 6. Accessed 17 November 2021.
- ^ Brookfield, Tarah (1 November 2018). Our Voices Must Be Heard: Women and the Vote in Ontario. UBC Press. p. 134. ISBN 978-0-7748-6022-2.
- ^ "1209". cdm22007.contentdm.oclc.org. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
- ^ "British newspaper". 4 November 1912. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
- ^ Leader, Raymond (3 April 1913). "Item Aroo5o9". Retrieved 17 November 2021.
- ^ Campbell, Lara (15 June 2020). A Great Revolutionary Wave: Women and the Vote in British Columbia. UBC Press. p. 170. ISBN 978-0-7748-6325-4.
- ^ "Woman Suffrage". The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan. Retrieved 9 January 2025.
- ^ Carter, Sarah (1 November 2020). Ours by Every Law of Right and Justice: Women and the Vote in the Prairie Provinces. UBC Press. p. 123. ISBN 978-0-7748-6190-8.
- ^ Purvis, June (23 September 2004). "Pankhurst [née Goulden], Emmeline (1858–1928), suffragette leader". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/35376. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Purvis, June (18 January 2018). Christabel Pankhurst: A Biography. Routledge. p. 105. ISBN 978-1-351-24664-4.
- ^ Purvis, June (2 September 2003). Emmeline Pankhurst: A Biography. Routledge. p. 353. ISBN 978-1-134-34191-7.
