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Caldwell First Nation

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Coordinates: 42°03′N 82°35′W / 42.050°N 82.583°W / 42.050; -82.583
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Caldwell First Nation
Zaaga'iganiniwag
Indian reserve
Caldwell First Nation Indian Reserve
Caldwell First Nation is located in Southern Ontario
Caldwell First Nation
Caldwell First Nation
Location in southern Ontario
Coordinates: 42°03′N 82°35′W / 42.050°N 82.583°W / 42.050; -82.583
Country Canada
Province Ontario
CountyEssex
Government
 • ChiefMary Frances Duckworth[1]
Time zoneEST
 • Summer (DST)EDT
Postal Code
N8H
Area code(s)519 and 226
Websitewww.caldwellfirstnation.ca

The Caldwell First Nation[2] (Ojibwe: Zaaga'iganiniwag, meaning: "people of the Lake") is a First Nations band government whose land base is located in Leamington, Ontario,[3] Canada.[4] They are an Anishinaabe group, part of the Three Fires Confederacy, comprising the bands Potawatomi, Odawa, and Ojibwa, whose members are originally of the Mikinaak (Turtle) and the Makwa (Bear) dodems. The Caldwell First Nation are a distinct and federally recognized Indian band and used to be referred to by such names as the "Chippewas of Pelee", "Point Pelee Indians" and "Caldwell's band of Indians."

The Chippewa (also called Ojibwa in Canada) are an Anishinaabe-speaking indigenous nation with people within the borders of present-day Canada and the United States. The Anishinaabe are the largest Native American/First Nation peoples north of Mexico, with nearly 78,000 people among various groups in Canada from western Quebec to British Columbia.

Point Pelee[5] is part of the history of the Caldwell First Nation

History

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The Caldwell First Nation, sometimes also called "the Chippewas of Point Pelee[6] and Pelee Island,[7]" lived as a distinct First Nation in the Point Pelee area from before 1763. Their traditional territory encompassed a broad area corresponding to what is now the Ontario region, extending from the Detroit River along Amherstburg all the way to Long Point Ontario and the Lake Erie Islands. The heart of their ancestral territory includes the Essex and Kent county areas, in particular, the Point Pelee Peninsula and Pelee Island. The Caldwell First Nation considers Point Pelee as "our home" and the neighboring Walpole Island First Nation considers Point Pelee as part of "our house."

The Caldwell First Nation served as allies of the British during the War of 1812. In consideration of this service, they were promised land at Point Pelee. The First Nation continued to occupy Point Pelee, with the support of the Canadian government, up until the late 1850s.[8] In the 1920s, many of the band members were forced out of Point Pelee when the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, along with local law enforcement agencies, burned their homes in the area in an effort to force them from their traditional lands.

Land claim

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In May 1790, representatives of certain Ottawa (Odawa), Chippewa (Ojibwa), Pottawatomi (Bodéwadmi) people and the Huron (Wendat) surrendered a large tract of land in southwestern Ontario, including Point Pelee. However, the Caldwell First Nation neither signed nor benefited from that treaty.[8] The Crown did not realize this and it was publicly acknowledged by the Department of Indian and Northern Affairs Canada. Caldwell First Nation Council members settled the land claim that had been outstanding for more than 220 years.

For decades the Caldwell First Nation was the only federally recognized Indian band in southern Ontario without a reserve land of its own.[9][8] The Nation has been working towards establishing a reserve, which will finally give members the land base.[10][8] In November 2020, the Caldwell First Nation took possession of an 80-hectare property in Leamington Ontario, for a reserve.[11][12]

References

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  1. ^ "First Nation Profiles". 14 November 2008.
  2. ^ "Caldwell First Nation council hopes chief will accept 'olive branch' and reconcile | CBC News".
  3. ^ "Noms de lieux - Résultats de recherche".
  4. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-03-09. Retrieved 2019-03-09.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  5. ^ Point Pelee National Park at The Canadian Encyclopedia, accessed September 3, 2019
  6. ^ "Noms de lieux - Résultats de recherche".
  7. ^ "Noms de lieux - Résultats de recherche".
  8. ^ a b c d "Caldwell First Nation approves land claim offer". CBC. Aug 23, 2010. Retrieved September 3, 2019.
  9. ^ Saskatchewan law review, volume 63. 2000. p. 641. As a result, it was the only federally recognized Indian band in southwestern Ontario without a land base.
  10. ^ Sharon Hill, The Windsor Star (2013-03-28). "Caldwells buying land". Windsorstar. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
  11. ^ Jasmine Kabatay, CBC (2021-03-19). "After 230-year fight, Caldwell First Nation has reserve status; begins to build a new community". CBC news. Retrieved 2021-06-03.
  12. ^ Anne Jarvis, The Windsor Star (2020-11-24). "Caldwell First Nation announces first parcel of land for new reserve in Leamington". Windsor Star. Retrieved 2021-06-03.
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