Draft:1931 Birmingham tornado
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On 14 June 1931, a large and intense tornado moved through the southern and eastern suburbs of Birmingham, England, later receiving a rating of F3 on the Fujita scale.[1]
| Meteorological history | |
|---|---|
| Formed | 14 June 1931 |
| F3 tornado | |
| on the Fujita scale | |
| T7 tornado | |
| on the TORRO scale | |
| Overall effects | |
| Fatalities | 1 |
| Injuries | 10[2] |
| Areas affected | Birmingham |
Meteorological synopsis
[edit]Rainfall levels preceding the tornado were significantly above average and the mean temperature in June was 14.4 °C (57.9 °F), slightly above the average.[3]
Tornado summary
[edit]The tornado formed near Hollywood, Worcestershire and moved northeastwards, with a path length of around 10km, and a maximum path width around 1km.[4][5] The path was nearly parallel to the east of the 2005 Birmingham tornado, in some locations only a mile or so of distance separates the two paths.
The districts of Sparkhill and Small Heath were hit particularly hard: Hundreds of buildings were extensively damaged; many were entirely unroofed and some suffered exterior wall collapses. Hundreds of trees were uprooted and snapped. [4]
A woman was tragically killed by the tornado, though her cause of death is unclear. Several others sustained injuries. [6]
On the same day, an F2/T4 rated tornado struck Handsworth, West Midlands, just a few miles west of the main tornado track.
Aftermath
[edit]A relief fund was set up by the mayor of Birmingham, Walter Willis Saunders,[7] to support the recovery, with 559 claimants. A total of £5170 (equivalent to £443,710 in 2023) was raised by the fund.[8][9] The distribution of money in the fund was subject to controversy from the victims of the tornado.[10]
See also
[edit]- List of tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
- List of European tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
- Climate of the United Kingdom
- 2005 Birmingham Tornado
References
[edit]- ^ Bolton, N.; Elsom, D. M.; Meaden, G. T. (1 July 2003). "Forecasting tornadoes in the United Kingdom". Atmospheric Research. European Conference on Severe Storms 2002. 67–68: 53–72. doi:10.1016/S0169-8095(03)00083-8. ISSN 0169-8095.
- ^ "One Killed, Ten Hurt by Tornado in Britain". New York Times. 15 June 1931. p. 2.
- ^ "Observatory Records of Birmingham Tornado". Birmingham Gazette. 2 July 1931. p. 9. Retrieved 2 January 2025.
- ^ a b Pick, W. H. (July 1931). "Tornadoes in England and Germany, June 1931". Meteorological Magazine. 66 (786): 1 – via the Met Office.
- ^ "European Severe Weather Database".
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "WEATHER: Tornado hits Birmingham and leaves a trail of destruction (1931) - British Pathe".
- ^ "Storm Victims Urgent Need of Help". Birmingham Gazette. 17 June 1931. p. 9. Retrieved 2 January 2025.
- ^ "Relief of Tornado Victims". Evening Despatch. 22 September 1931. p. 7. Retrieved 2 January 2025.
- ^ "Birmingham Tornado Fund". Little Dispatches. Evening Despatch. 13 August 1931. p. 5. Retrieved 2 January 2025.
- ^ "Tornado Fund Grants: Lord Mayor's Reply to Protests". Birmingham Gazette. 25 September 1931. p. 3. Retrieved 2 January 2025.