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Walter Enrique Baethgen | |
|---|---|
| Born | February 16, 1955 Montevideo, Uruguay |
| Alma mater | Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University |
| Years active | 45 |
| Employer(s) | Columbia University
International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI), Columbia Climate School National Agricultural Research Institute (INIA) of Uruguay |
| Honours | Nobel Peace Price with IPCC 2007 (Contributor) Morosoli de Oro 2010 |
Walter E. Baethgen is a Uruguayan scientist who has dedicated his career to the research of the impact of climate variability and change on the agricultural industry. Walter is currently a Senior Research Scientist and Acting Director of the International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI) of Columbia University´s Climate School and the Vice-president of the National Agricultural Research Institute (INIA) of Uruguay[1].
Biography
[edit]Walter Enrique Baethgen was born in Montevideo, Uruguay in February 16th, 1955. He is the youngest of 5 siblings and father of 3 daughters, Carolina, Claudia and Martina, and two stepdaughters, Mercedes and Lucía.
Education and Career
[edit]Walter E. Baethgen graduated from the University of the Republic in 1979, with a Bachelor of Science degree in Agricultural Engineering. Soon after graduation, he joined INIA La Estanzuela in Colonia, Uruguay as a researcher of soil and crop management.
In 1981, Walter was honored with a scholarship of the Organization of the American States to pursue an M.Sc. and Ph.D in Crop and Soil Environmental Sciencies at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in the United States of America. During his time in Virgina Tech, he focused his research on soil and crop management, soil fertility and soil chemistry. His Ph.D. thesis focused on developing a model for fertilization that supported decision-making to optimize nitrogen fertilizer application in wheat, which had an important impact in the protection of the environment and improvement of resource efficiency by obtaining higher yields, optimizing costs and reducing the risk of water contamination, as well as in improving the farmers´ adaptive capacity to climate variability and change[2].
From 1987 to 2004, Baethgen took the role of Senior Scientist in the Research and Development Division of the International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC). In this position, he was in charge of designing, establishing and managing international research and development projects on Soil Fertility and Crop/Pasture Management. Among these projects he worked in crop simulation models, decision support systems, climate variability and change, and carbon sequestration in agriculture and forestry. While at the IFDC Baethgen worked in a research program funded by the United Nations Development Program to optimize fertilizer strategies for sustainable agriculture and environmental protection as Regional Coordinator of the program for Latin America[2]. At the same time he worked as Scientist in the first project that focused on climate change and world food supply in 1988-1989, funded by NASA and the US Environmental Protection Agency[2].
Walter E. Baethgen joined Columbia University in 2004 where he has been playing several roles. He was Senior Research Scientist at the IRI (International Research Institute for Climate and Society) of The Climate School (previously The Earth Institute) where he currently serves as Acting Director, and where he has previously held the positions of Director of the Regional and Sectoral Research Program, and Director of the Latin American Regional Program. He was also the Acting Director of the Agriculture and Food Security Center of the The Earth Institute also at Columbia University[1]. Throughout his tenure at the IRI, Walter established, developed and managed IRI’s programs in climate-related risk assessment and risk management in agriculture and food security, health, water resources and disasters. He lectured in graduate courses for Master and PhD programs and mentored tens of doctoral students and postdoctoral candidates[1][2].
Since 2020 Walter holds the position of Vice-president of the Board of Directors of INIA (Uruguay´s National Agricultural Research Institute) where he contributes to establish priorities for national and regional research, and for international cooperation[3].
In addition to his contribution in research and education programs to sustainable agricutural production systems throughought the world, Walter Baethgen has acted as consultant and advisor for the World Bank, IADB, United Nations (UNDP, UNIDO, FAO, IAEA) and the Iberoamerican Institute for Agricultural Cooperation (IICA)[1][2]. He has also acted as consultant to governments and the private sector of several countries throughout Latin America[4].
Innovations and Industry Impact
[edit]Baethgen Fertilization Model
[edit]The Baethgen fertilization model is a decision-support tool designed to optimize nitrogen fertilizer application in crops. The model uses crop growth simulation and environmental data to predict the most effective and sustainable timing and amount of nitrogen to apply, aiming to balance economic returns for farmers with environmental stewardship[5][6].
The model incorporates real-time climate and soil data, including rainfall, temperature, and soil moisture, to simulate crop growth and nutrient requirements leading to a dynamic simulation to calculate the cost-benefit ratio of different fertilization strategies, helping farmers maximize yield without overusing fertilizers. Moreover, by reducing excess nitrogen application, the model minimizes nutrient runoff, which can lead to water pollution and greenhouse gas emissions[5].
The Baethgen fertilization model is designed for various crops and can be tailored to specific regional conditions, making it especially valuable in regions like the Southern Cone of South America, where Baethgen has focused much of his work.
Contribution to Scientific Committees and Advisory Groups
[edit]Baethgen was a member of Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) Science Council from 2006 and 2008[2]. In this role he worked on enhancing and promoting the quality, relevance and impact of CGIAR science programs, and helping to mobilize the global scientific community around the mission and goals of the CGIAR[2].
In 2011, Walter Baethgen was a Distinguished Lead Scholar for the Fulbright Regional Network for Applied Research Program (NEXUS). The NEXUS program was created to establish a network of experts to advance policy-oriented research and provide a forum for best practices. As one of these experts, Walter engaged in collaborative thinking, analysis, problem-solving, multidisciplinary research[7].
He was also reviewer for several international research programs (NOAA, NASA, NSF, IAI and the German, Norwegian, and Austrian governments)[1].
Since 2013, Walter is a Faculty Advisory Committee member for the Columbia University Global Centers of Latin America where he provides strategic advice to the Global Centers in Chile and Brazil[2].
Awards and Honours
[edit]Walter Baethgen was a member of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) team that was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2007[1].
In 2010 Walter Baethgen was awarded the "Morosoli de Oro" Prize for his contribution to the Uruguayan culture[8].
Selected Publications
[edit]1. Karl, K.; DeFries, R. S.; Baethgen, W. E.; Furtado, M.; Potent, J. B. 2024. Toward a holistic and data-driven framework to evaluate livestock-derived protein systems, One Earth (2024), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2024.02.003
2. Søndergaard, N.; J. F. Fernandes; J. Potent; W.E. Baethgen, K. Karl; M. Furtado. 2023. A governance framework to manage the food-environment-livelihood trilemma of alternative proteins. One Earth 6:843-853 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2023.06.008
3. Baldassini, P., W. E. Baethgen, G. Camba Sans, A. Quincke, M. V. Pravia, J. Terra, I. Macedo, G. Piñeiro, J. Paruelo. 2023. Carbon stocks and potential sequestration of Uruguayan soils. A road map to a comprehensive characterization of temporal and spatial changes to assess Carbon footprint. Front. Sustain. Food Syst., 20(7) https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1045734
4. Caram, N.; P. Soca, L. E. Sollenberger, W.E. Baethgen, M. O. Wallau, M.E. Mailhos 2022. Studying beef production evolution to plan for ecological intensification of grazing ecosystems, Ag Sys Volume 205, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2022.103582
5. Baethgen, W. E.; W. J. Parton; V. Rubio; R. H. Kelly; S. Lutz. 2021. Ecosystem dynamics of crop‐pasture rotations in a fifty‐year field experiment in Southern South America: Century model and field results. SSSAJ 85(2):423-437 https://doi.org/10.1002/saj2.20204
6. Mer, F., Baethgen, W., & Vervoort, R.W. 2020. Building trust in SWAT model scenarios through a multi-institutional approach in Uruguay. SESMO, vol. 2, 17892, https://doi.org/10.18174/sesmo.2020a17892
7. Anderson, W.; E. Han; W.E. Baethgen; L. Goddard; A.G. Muñoz; A. W. Robertson. 2020. The Madden-Julian Oscillation affects crop yields around the world. Geophysical Research Letters. Published Online, 30 Jan 2020 https://doi.org/10.1002/essoar.10501965.1
8. Baethgen, W.E. 2019. Embedding Adaptation to Climate Variability and Change into Actual Decisions, Policies and Development Plans. Agrociencia 23(1):1-3 ISSN 2301-1548
9. Nissan, H.; L. Goddard; E. Coughlan de Perez; J. Furlow; W.E. Baethgen; M. C. Thomson; S.J. Mason. 2019. On the use and misuse of climate change projections in international development. WIREs Clim Change. 2019; e579. DOI: 10.1002/wcc.579
10. Terra, R and W. E. Baethgen. 2019. Lessons Learned in 25 Years of Informing Sectoral Decisions with Probabilistic Climate Forecasts (pp 440-453). IN: Sub-Seasonal to Seasonal Prediction: The Gap Between Weather and Climate Forecasting. A. W. Robertson and F. Vitart (Eds.), Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands
11. Baethgen, W. E.; M. Berterretche, A.Gimenez. 2016. Informing Decisions and Policy: the National Agricultural Information System of Uruguay. Agrometeoros (24): 97-112
12. Baethgen, W.E. 2010. Climate Risk Management for Adaptation to Climate Variability and Change. Crop Sci. 50(2):70–76
13. Baethgen, W.E.; M. Carriquiry and C. Ropelewski. 2009. Tilting the odds in maize yields: how climate information can help manage risks. Bull. Am. Met. Soc. 90(2):179-183
14. Baethgen, W.E.; Giménez, A. 2009. Seasonal climate forecasts and satellite information: improving decisions in the Uruguayan agricultural sector. pp:92-94. In: J.Dodd, R.Lambert, A.Lawrence, S.Townsend (Eds.), Climate Sense. WMO, Geneva.
15. Baethgen, W.E. 2009. Challenges for Incorporating Climate Change in Decision-making and Public Policies for the Agricultural Sector. IICA Coyuntura. (In Spanish) http://www.iica.org.uy/online/coyuntura_58_doc.asp
16. Baethgen, W.E. 2008. Climate Risk Management and Adaptation to Climate Change. In: “Uruguay, Climate Change Here and Now”. Suplementary document for the UNDP Report on Human Development. UNDP Uruguay, Montevideo
17. Baethgen, W. E.. 2007. Climate Changes in the Agricultural Sector of Developing Countries: Mitigation, Adaptation and Decision Making. Multiciencia Journal (8) 122-136. Also: http://www.multiciencia.unicamp.br/art07_8_i.htm
18. Baethgen, W. E., and M. A. Carriquiry. 2006. Characterization of Yield Variability of Five Rainfed Crops in Uruguay. (in Spanish). Coyuntura Agropecuaria. IICA. http://www.iica.org.uy/online/coyuntura_28doc.asp
19. Meinke, H.; R. Nelson, P.Kokic, R.Stone1, R. Selvaraju, W. E. Baethgen. 2006. Actionable climate knowledge: from analysis to synthesis. Clim Res 33: 101–110.
20. Baethgen, W.E.; H. Meinke, A. Gimenez. 2004. Adaptation of agricultural production systems to climate variability and climate change: lessons learned and proposed research approach IN: Insights and Tools for Adaptation: Learning from Climate Variability, NOAA-OGP, Washington, D.C.
21. Baethgen, W.E. 1997. Vulnerability of the agricultural sector of Latin America to climate change. Climate Res. 9:1-7
22. Baethgen, W.E., and C.B. Christianson. 1996. Nitrogen fertilization of malting barley for optimum grain yield and adequate industrial quality. Fertilizer Issues 25:314-318
23. Baethgen, W.E., C.B. Christianson, and A. García Lamothe. 1995. Nitrogen fertilizer effects on growth, grain yield, and yield components of malting barley. Field Crops Res. 43:87-99.
24. Baethgen, W.E. and M.M. Alley. 1989. Optimizing Soil and Fertilizer Nitrogen Use for Intensively Managed Winter Wheat I. Crop Nitrogen Uptake. Agron. J., 81:116 120.
25. Baethgen, W.E. and M.M. Alley. 1989. Optimizing Soil and Fertilizer Nitrogen Use for Intensively Managed Winter Wheat. II. Critical Levels and Optimum N Fertilizer Rates. Agron. J., 81:120-125.
26. Baethgen, W.E.; D. E. Taylor, and M.M. Alley. 1989. Quadratic programming method for determining optimum nitrogen rates for winter wheat during tillering. Agron. J. 81:557 559.
27. Baethgen, W.E., and M.M. Alley. 1989. A manual colorimetric procedure for measuring ammonium nitrogen in soil and plant Kjeldahl digests. Comm. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 20:961 969.
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f Columbia Climate School Climate, Earth and Society - Staff and Affiliates Directory. "Profiles Home - Dr. Walter E. Baethgen". Retrieved 7 January 2025.
{{cite web}}:|last=has generic name (help) - ^ a b c d e f g h Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI) (2019). "Walter E. Baethgen CV" (PDF). Retrieved 7 January 2025.
- ^ Uruguay Presidencia (26 May 2020). "Resolución N° 559/020 Se designa a José Eduardo Bonica Henderson y Walter Enrique Baethgen Varela para integrar la Junta Directiva del Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, en calidad de presidente y vicepresidente, respectivamente". Retrieved 7 January 2025.
- ^ Patterson, Lindsay (21 December 2009). "Walter Baethgen helps farmers prepare for climate extremes". earthsky.org. Retrieved 8 January 2025.
- ^ a b Baethgen, Walter E.; Christianson, C.Bruce; Lamothe, Adriana García (October 1995). "Nitrogen fertilizer effects on growth, grain yield, and yield components of malting barley". Field Crops Research. 43 (2–3): 87–99. Bibcode:1995FCrRe..43...87B. doi:10.1016/0378-4290(95)00034-N.
- ^ Baethgen, Walter E. (2000). "OPTIMIZING NITROGEN FERTILIZER USE: CURRENT APPROACHES AND SIMULATION MODELS" (PDF). International Atomic Energy Agency. Retrieved 8 January 2025.
- ^ Office of the Spokesman - U.S. Department of State (5 November 2010). "Fulbright NEXUS Program Announces Distinguished Leader for 2011-2012". Retrieved 8 January 2025.
- ^ El Pais Uruguay (29 November 2010). "Científico recibió el Morosoli de Oro 2010". Retrieved 7 January 2025.
Bibliography
[edit]- Google Scholar, "Walter E Baethgen", 08 January 2025. https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=m_t8-jMAAAAJ&hl=en