Jelski's black tyrant
| Jelski's black tyrant | |
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| Female | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Tyrannidae |
| Genus: | Knipolegus |
| Species: | K. signatus
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| Binomial name | |
| Knipolegus signatus (Taczanowski, 1875)
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| Synonyms | |
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Jelski's black tyrant, or Andean tyrant, (Knipolegus signatus) is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers.[2] It is found in Ecuador and Peru.[3]
Taxonomy and systematics
[edit]Jelski's black tyrant has a complicated taxonomic history. It was formally described in 1875 as Ochthodiaeta signatus.[4] Genus Ochthodiaeta was later merged into Myiotheretes. By the 1980s most authors had moved the species into Knipolegus. What is now the plumbeous tyrant (K. cabanisi) had been described as a species.[5] By the 1980s the two were generally treated as conspecific though authors were beginning to suggest again treating them separately. The single species was called the Andean tyrant and plumbeous tyrant by different authors. Following a 2012 publication, in 2013 the South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society split the two, calling signatus Jelski's black-tyrant and cabanisi the plumbeous tyrant.[6][7][8] The IOC, BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW), and the Clements taxonomy followed suit beginning in 2014.[9][10][11] However, as of early 2025 some confusion remains. The IOC, Clements, and the SACC all call signatus Jelski's black tyrant or black-tyrant. HBW calls it the Andean black-tyrant. The IOC calls cabanisi the plumbeous tyrant. Clements, the SACC, and HBW call it the plumbeous black-tyrant.[2][7][12][13]
The four taxonomic systems agree that Jelski's black tyrant is monotypic.[2][7][12][13]
Description
[edit]Jelski's black tyrant is 14.5 to 16.5 cm (5.7 to 6.5 in) long. Adult males are entirely sooty black. Adult females have mostly dark olive-brown upperparts with more rufous uppertail coverts. Their wings are dark olive-brown with whitish to buff edges on the coverts that show as two wing bars. Their tail is dusky with thin cinnamon-rufous edges to the feathers. Their underparts are mostly heavily streaked with dark grayish olive and their undertail coverts are dark buffy. Both sexes have a dark red or chestnut iris, a blackish bill, and black legs and feet. Juveniles are similar to adult females but with a rusty wash on the upperparts, white wing bars, and paler yellow-tinged bars separating the dark one on the underparts.[14][15]
Distribution and habitat
[edit]Jelski's black tyrant has a disjunct distribution. It is found in the Cordillera del Cóndor straddling the border between southern Ecuador and northern Peru and separately in Peru from southern Amazonas Department south to Junín Department. It primarily inhabits the interior of humid montane forest and woodlands and less frequently the edges. It also occurs in thickets of alder (Alnus) and Podocarpus regrowing in disturbed areas. In elevation it ranges between 1,800 and 3,050 m (5,900 and 10,000 ft) but mostly occurs below 2,700 m (8,900 ft).[14][15]
Behavior
[edit]Movement
[edit]Jelski's black tyrant is a year-round resident.[14]
Feeding
[edit]The diet and foraging behavior of Jelski's black tyrant are little known. It is believed to feed mostly on insects.[14]
Breeding
[edit]Nothing is known about the breeding biology of Jelski's black tyrant.[14]
Vocalization
[edit]As of May 2025 neither xeno-canto nor the Cornell Lab of Ornithology's Macaulay Library had any recordings of Jelski's black tyrant vocalizations.[16][17]
Status
[edit]The IUCN has assessed Jelski's black tyrant as being of Least Concern. It has a large range; its population size is not known and is believed to be decreasing. No immediate threats have been identified.[1] It is barely known in the Cordillera del Cóndor, having been first recorded there in 2001.[14] It is considered rare elsewhere in Peru.[15]
References
[edit]- ^ a b BirdLife International (2024). "Andean Black-tyrant Knipolegus signatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024: e.T103683026A264355159. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T103683026A264355159.en. Retrieved 3 May 2025.
- ^ a b c Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (March 2025). "Tyrant flycatchers". IOC World Bird List. v 15.1. Retrieved 3 March 2025.
- ^ Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, G. Del-Rio, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 30 March 2025. Species Lists of Birds for South American Countries and Territories. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCCountryLists.htm retrieved 30 March 2025
- ^ Taczanowski, Władysław (1875). "Liste des Oiseaux recueillis par M. Constantin Jelski dans la partie centrale du Pérou occidental". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London (in Latin and French). 1874: 532.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) The journal is "For the year 1874" and was published in 1875. - ^
Schulz, Fritz (1882). "Ueber eine neue Cnipolegus-Art". Journal für Ornithologie (in Latin and German). 30: 462. Retrieved May 3, 2025.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ Hosner, P. A. and R. G. Moyle. 2012. A molecular phylogeny of black-tyrants (Tyrannidae: Knipolegus) reveals strong geographic patterns and homoplasy in plumage and display behavior. Auk 129: 156–167.
- ^ a b c Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, G. Del-Rio, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 30 March 2025. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved 30 March 2025
- ^ Hosner, Peter A. (March 2013). "Proposal (573) to South American Classification Committee – Elevate Knipolegus cabanisi to species rank". Retrieved May 3, 2025. The proposal was accepted in December 2017.
- ^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (January 2014). "Tyrant flycatchers". IOC World Bird List. v 4.1. Retrieved 3 May 2025.
- ^ BirdLife International (2016) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 9. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/BirdLife_Checklist_Version_90.zip
- ^ Clements, J. F., et al. 2016. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2016.
- ^ a b Clements, J. F., P.C. Rasmussen, T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, A. Spencer, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, M. Smith, and C. L. Wood. 2024. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2024. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ retrieved October 23, 2024
- ^ a b HBW and BirdLife International (2024). Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 9. Available at: https://datazone.birdlife.org/about-our-science/taxonomy retrieved December 23, 2024
- ^ a b c d e f Farnsworth, A., G. Langham, and G. M. Kirwan (2020). Jelski's Black-Tyrant (Knipolegus signatus), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.andtyr3.01 retrieved May 3, 2025
- ^ a b c Schulenberg, T.S.; Stotz, D.F.; Lane, D.F.; O'Neill, J.P.; Parker, T.A. III (2010). Birds of Peru. Princeton Field Guides (revised and updated ed.). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 452. ISBN 978-0691130231.
- ^ "Jelski's Black Tyrant Knipolegus signatus". xeno-canto. 2025. Retrieved May 3, 2025.
- ^ "Jelski's Black-Tyrant Knipolegus signatus". Birds of the World. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. 2025. Retrieved May 3, 2025.