John Pettit

This article is about the U.S. Representative from Indiana from (1843–1849). For the U.S. Representative from Indiana from (1855–1861), see John U. Pettit. For the District Attorney of Washington County, Pennsylvania, see John Pettit (attorney).

"Senator Pettit" redirects here. For other uses, see Senator Pettit (disambiguation).

John Pettit
United States Senator from Indiana
In office January 18, 1853 – March 3, 1855
Preceded by	Charles W. Cathcart
Succeeded by	Graham N. Fitch
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Indiana's 8th district
In office March 4, 1843 – March 3, 1849
Preceded by	District created
Succeeded by	Joseph E. McDonald
6th United States Attorney for the District of Indiana
In office 1839–1841
President	Martin Van Buren
Preceded by	Tilghman Howard
Succeeded by	Courtland Cushing
Member of the Indiana House of Representatives
In office 1838-1839
Personal details
Born	(1807-06-24)June 24, 1807 Sackets Harbor, New York
Died	January 17, 1877(1877-01-17) (aged 69) Lafayette, Indiana
Political party	Democratic

John Pettit (June 24, 1807 – January 17, 1877) was an American lawyer, jurist, and politician. A United States Representative and Senator from Indiana, he also served in the court systems of Indiana and Kansas.

Born in Sackets Harbor, New York, he completed preparatory studies and admitted to the bar in 1831. He moved to Lafayette, Indiana, where he commenced practice in 1838; he was a member of the Indiana House of Representatives in 1838-1839 and was United States district attorney from 1839 to 1843.

Pettit was elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-eighth, Twenty-ninth, and Thirtieth Congresses (March 4, 1843 - March 3, 1849); he was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1848. In 1850 he was a delegate to the Indiana state constitutional convention and a presidential elector on the Democratic ticket in 1852. He was appointed to the U.S. Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of James Whitcomb and served from January 18, 1853, to March 4, 1855; he was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1854.

During his tenure in Congress Pettit was known for annually objecting to the appointment of congressional chaplains on constitutional grounds, arguing that as Congress had no power to legislate in matters of religion, it could not pay for its preaching. Instead, he proposed that chaplains be hired and paid for by voluntary contributions from the members. His objections were routinely overridden.

While in the Senate he was chairman of the Committee on Private Land Claims (Thirty-third Congress). During the Senate debate on the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, Pettit argued in favor of expanding slavery to Kansas, and famously said that Jefferson's idea (in the United States Declaration of Independence) that "all men are created equal" was not a "self-evident truth" but instead "is nothing more to me than a self-evident lie." The debate over Pettit's inflammatory words is credited with reviving Abraham Lincoln's interest in national politics.

After his time in Congress, Pettit was chief justice of the United States courts in the Territory of Kansas from 1859 to 1861, and was a judge of the Indiana Supreme Court from 1870 to 1877.

He died in Lafayette, Indiana, aged 69, and was interred in Greenbush Cemetery.

External links

• United States Congress. "John Pettit (id: P000277)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
• John Pettit at Find a Grave
• Text of 1854 speech by Abraham Lincoln against the extension of slavery, quoting Pettit