Nisar Muhammad Yousafzai
Nisar Muhammad Yousafzai | |
|---|---|
| نسار محمد یوسفزی Нисор Мухаммад Юсуфзай | |
 | |
| People's Commissariat for Education | |
| In office 1926–1937 | |
| Preceded by | Position established |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1897 Swabi, North-West Frontier Province, British India |
| Died | 8 October 1937 (aged 39–40) Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union |
| Political party | Communist Party of the Soviet Union |
| Awards | Order of Gallantry (Emirate of Afghanistan) Hero of Tajikistan |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |
|
| Branch/service | Royal Afghan Army |
| Battles/wars | |
Nisar Muhammad Yousafzai (Pashto: نثار محمد یوسفزی; Russian: Нисор Мухаммад Юсуфзай, romanized: Nisor Mukhammad Yusufzay; 1897 – 8 October 1937) was an Afghan communist revolutionary and soldier and Soviet politician who played a significant role in the creation of Tajikistan. A decorated soldier of the Third Anglo-Afghan War, Nisar would take part in a Soviet expedition in Gilan and later lobby for the creation of a Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic within the Soviet Union. He was Tajikistan's first minister of education from 1926 until his murder in 1937. He was also the first ever Afghan communist.
Biography
[edit]Nisar Muhammad Yousafzai was born to a Yusufzai Pashtun family in the village of Zaida, Swabi District of the North-West Frontier Province in 1897. He was the son of Awal Khan and his grandfather was Mohammad Ali. He was an intelligent and perceptive young boy who was influenced by the October Revolution of Vladimir Lenin and early Indian communist Leaders, similarly to Noor Tarakai.[1]
In 1919 the Third Anglo-Afghan War broke out between the Emirate of Afghanistan and the British Empire. Nisar Muhammad being an ethnic Pashtun enlisted in the Afghan Army to fight the British, he received the Afghan Order of Courage medal for his bravery. Following the war, Swabi remained under British occupation and Nisar found himself sentenced to death. However, he managed to escape captivity and sought refuge in Tashkent, where he assumed the name Nisor Avalovich Magomedov.[2]
In Tashkent, Nisar Muhammad became an active member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. He became an advocate for a separate Tajik state outside of the Turkestan SSR. Alongside his like-minded friends, Muhammad published newspapers and campaigned for Tajik autonomy. Their efforts eventually bore fruit when, in 1924, the Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was formed as part of the Uzbek SSR. This achievement marked a significant milestone toward the later formation of the Tajik SSR.[3] Nisar Muhammad's involvement in political affairs extended beyond Central Asia. In 1920, he joined a Soviet team tasked with reporting on the events unfolding in Persia (now Iran). During this mission, Muhammad provided support to the revolutionary leader Mirza Kuchik Khan, leaving an indelible mark on the struggle for independence in the region.[3][2]
In 1926, Nisar Muhammad was appointed as the People's Commissar of Education of Tajikistan. He also served as a Pashto language instructor at Moscow University, Nisar was fluent in multiple languages including Pashto, Persian, Russian, Uzbek, and Urdu.[3]
On 8 October 1937, Nisar Muhammad was arrested on false charges by the NKVD (People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs). During his interrogation, a guard struck Muhammad, triggering an altercation in which the interrogator sustained severe head injuries. In response, guards stormed the room and shot Nisar Muhammad, resulting in his untimely death.[3]
Legacy
[edit]The story of Nisar Muhammad Yousafzai was featured by Kabul Magazine in the 1960s by chief researcher of the Afghanistan Academy of Sciences at Kabul University, Dost Shinwari under the name Nisar Muhammad Afghan.[4]
The street that is home to the Ministry of Education and Science, bears Nisar's name. In 2021, the acclaimed Tajik director Safarbek Solekh released a documentary titled "Nisar," which featured interviews with Muhammad's descendants and Tajik historians. He is described as "The son of Afghans who dedicated his life for Tajiks".[3][5]
See also
[edit]- Khalq
- Third Anglo-Afghan War
- People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan
- Nur Muhammad Taraki
- Hafizullah Amin
- Afzal Bangash
- Abdul Ghaffar Khan
References
[edit]- ^ EditorTimes (2020) Nisar Muhammad of Village Zaida by Arif Hasan Khan Akhundzada
- ^ a b "نثار محمد پشتون که بود؟". BBC News فارسی (in Persian). 31 May 2021. Retrieved 17 June 2023.
- ^ a b c d e Нисор Мухаммад - документальный фильм Сафарбека Солиева., retrieved 17 June 2023
- ^ Safia Haleem (2022) A memory of Kabul University
- ^ "Nisor is a film about a whole generation of heroes. Film critic tells how the tape changes the worldview". 2021.
- 1897 births
- 1937 deaths
- 20th-century Afghan military personnel
- Soviet people of Afghan descent
- People from Swabi District
- Afghan communists
- Afghan expatriates in Tajikistan
- Great Purge victims from Tajikistan
- Assassinated Afghan people
- Executed communists
- Executed Afghan people
- Afghan revolutionaries
- Pashtun politicians
- Muslim socialists
- Communist Party of Tajikistan politicians
- Academic staff of Moscow State University
- Education ministers of Tajikistan
- People's commissars and ministers of the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic
- Pashtun military personnel
- Afghan military officers
- Afghan military personnel of the 1919 Anglo-Afghan War