Planococcus (bacterium)
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| Genus: | Planococcus Migula 1894[1]
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| Type species | |
| Planococcus citreus Migula 1894[1]
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Planococcus is a genus of Gram-Positive or Gram-variable, cocci or short rod-shaped bacteria in the family Caryophanaceae from the order Caryophanales.[2] The type species of this genus is Planococcus citreus.[1]
Some members of Planococcus are previously species belonging to Planomicrobium. Instead of branching with species from Planomicrobum, these species formed a monophyletic branch with members of Planococcus in various phylogenetic trees constructed based on conserved genome sequences, indicating their phylogenetic relatedness.[2] The family Caryophanaceae encompassed many branching anomalies such as this one, partially due to the reliance on 16S rRNA sequences as a method for classification, which is known to have low resolution power and give differing results depending on the algorithm used.[3] In 2020, a comparative genomic study emended the family, resulting in the establishment of three new genera as well as the amendment of a number of genera including Planococcus.[2]
The name Planococcus is derived from the Greek noun planes, translating into "a wanderer" and the Latin term coccus. Together, Planococcus can be translated as a motile coccus.[2]
Cells exhibit Gram-positive or Gram-variable staining and they are cocci or short rods and generally motile.
Genomic analyses identified five conserved signature indels (CSIs) that are uniquely present in members of this genus in the following proteins: penicillin-binding protein 2, hypothetical protein, NADPH-dependent 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine reductase QueF, ACT domain-containing protein, and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase.[2] These molecular signatures provide a reliable method for differentiating Planococcus species from other genera within the family Caryophanaceae and all other bacteria.
Phylogeny
[edit]Planococcus, as of 2021, contains 24 species with validly published names.[1] This genus was identified as a monophyletic clade and phylogenetically unrelated to other species in the family Caryophanaceae in studies examining the taxonomic relationships within the family.[2] The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)[1] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)[4]
| 16S rRNA based LTP_10_2024[5][6][7] | 120 marker proteins based GTDB 09-RS220[8][9][10] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Unassigned species:
- "P. antioxidans" Zhang et al. 2020
- "P. beijingensis" Hao et al. 2023
- "P. crocinus" Yun & Lee 2007
- "P. dechangensis" Wang et al. 2015
- "P. kazaiensis" Mayilraj & Chakrabarti 2003
- P. notacanthi Uniacke-Lowe et al. 2024
- "P. pelagicus" Mayilraj et al. 2007
- "P. psychrotoleratus" Zhu, Liu & Zhou 2007
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e J.P. Euzéby. "Planococcus". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 9 September 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g Gupta, Radhey S.; Patel, Sudip (14 January 2020). "Robust Demarcation of the Family Caryophanaceae (Planococcaceae) and Its Different Genera Including Three Novel Genera Based on Phylogenomics and Highly Specific Molecular Signatures". Frontiers in Microbiology. 10: 2821. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.02821. ISSN 1664-302X. PMC 6971209. PMID 32010063.
- ^ Ludwig, Wolfgang; Schleifer, Karl‐Heinz; Whitman, William B. (14 September 2015). "Planococcaceae". Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria: 1. doi:10.1002/9781118960608.fbm00116. ISBN 9781118960608.
- ^ Sayers; et al. "Planococcus". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
- ^ "The LTP". Retrieved 10 December 2024.
- ^ "LTP_all tree in newick format". Retrieved 10 December 2024.
- ^ "LTP_10_2024 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 10 December 2024.
- ^ "GTDB release 09-RS220". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
- ^ "bac120_r220.sp_labels". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
- ^ "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2024.