Wikipedia:WikiProject Academic Journals/Journals cited by Wikipedia/Questionable4

Disclaimer / Warning

This is The Wikipedia CiteWatch, a bot-compiled listing of potentially cargo cult, conspiracist, denialist, fake, junk, not even wrong, obsolete, predatory, pseudoscientific, quack, or otherwise unreliable publications cited by Wikipedia through the |journal= parameter of citation templates (see this Signpost article for details). It is based on several lists of unreliable or questionable publications (such as those compiled by Jeffrey Beall, the University Grants Commission, Quackwatch, or Wikipedia editors) and currently reflects the state of Wikipedia as of 20 December 2024. See Q9 in the FAQ for the update schedule.

This list is a starting point to detect unreliable sources which are cited by Wikipedia, but it does not answer whether it is appropriate to cite them. Due to the somewhat arbitrary nature of what exactly constitutes an unreliable source, as well as imperfect matching algorithms, the list may feature publications and publishers which...

are flat-out promoting pseudo/junk scholarship or quackery
are flat-out predatory/vanity venues, with sham peer-review processes
were once-reliable, but have since been acquired by predatory publishers
were once-unreliable, but no longer engage in problematic practices
reflect the sources' good but imperfect judgment of what is unreliable
are problematic in some areas (e.g. pseudoscience), but reliable in others (e.g. news)
are problematic in some other way (e.g. circular references, or deprecated sources)
are problematic but used in an acceptable manner (e.g. primary sources about frauds)
are misclassified because of a spelling variation (red links especially)
are misclassified because of false positives, miscategorization, or flawed bot logic
are reliable, but share names with imposter publications and publishers
are about pseudoscholarship as a topic, rather than being pseudoscholarly themselves

While many, if not most, publications and publishers on this list have some questionable aspects to their publishing practices, these can still be reliable (or be otherwise acceptable) in limited circumstances. The CiteWatch cannot determine the full context in which a source is used, therefore use common sense and judgement before removing a citation from an article (see Q8 in the FAQ). When in doubt, discuss things on the article's talk page or at the reliable sources noticeboard – especially before a mass purge of a source. The Unreliable/Predatory Source Detector user script may also interest you.

Additions and removals from the listing – including false positives – can be discussed at WT:CITEWATCH. False positives can also be directly handled at WP:JCW/EXCLUDE.

Rank	Target/Group	Entries (Citations, Articles)	Total Citations	Distinct Articles	⁠Citations/article⁠
301	Mathematical and Computational Applications [Beall's journal list]	List of MDPI academic journals Mathematical and Computational Applications (2 in 1) MCA (1 in 1)	3	2	1.500
302	Online International Interdisciplinary Research Journal [Beall's journal list]	Online International Interdisciplinary Research Journal (3 in 1, 2)	3	2	1.500
303	ARPN Journal of Science and Technology [Beall's journal list]	ARPN Journal of Science and Technology (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
304	Advances (journal) [Quackwatch's list]	Advances: The Journal of Mind-Body Health Advances.in/psychology (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
305	American Journal of Essential Oils and Natural Products [Beall's journal list]	American Journal of Essential Oils and Natural Products (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
306	American Journal of Research Communication [Beall's journal list]	American Journal of Research Communication (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
307	Asia Pacific Journal of Education, Arts and Sciences [Beall's journal list]	Asia Pacific Journal of Education, Arts and Sciences (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
308	Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences [Beall's journal list]	Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
309	Australian Journal of Business and Management Research [Beall's journal list]	Australian Journal of Business and Management Research (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
310	Better Nutrition [Quackwatch's list]	Outside (company) Better Nutrition (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
311	Bild [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Bild.	Bild (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
312	Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry [Beall's journal list]	Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
313	Bioscience Discovery [Beall's journal list]	Bioscience Discovery (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
314	Blogger (service) [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Blogger.	Blogger (service) Blogspot (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
315	Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences [Beall's journal list] Indexed in Journal Citation Reports.	Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
316	Caribbean Journal of Science and Technology [Beall's journal list]	Caribbean Journal of Science and Technology (1 in 1) Caribbean Journal of Sciences and Technology (1 in 1)	2	2	1.000
317	Current Discovery [Beall's journal list]	Current Discovery (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
318	Daily Kos [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Daily Kos.	Daily Kos (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
319	Distractify [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Distractify.	Distractify (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
320	Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering [Beall's journal list]	Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
321	European Chemical Bulletin [Beall's journal list]	European Chemical Bulletin (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
322	European Journal of Natural History [Beall's journal list]	European Journal of Natural History (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
323	GRDS Publishing \| `{{doi\|10.20319}}` [Beall's publisher list]	`doi=10.20319` PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
324	Galaxy: International Multidisciplinary Research Journal [Beall's journal list]	Galaxy: International Multidisciplinary Research Journal (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
325	Gawker [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Gawker.	Gawker (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
326	Herbert Open Access Journals \| `{{doi\|10.7243}}` [Beall's publisher list]	`doi=10.7243` Journal of Proteome Science and Computational Biology (1 in 1) Journal of Psychiatry and Brain Functions (1 in 1)	2	2	1.000
327	Hilaris \| `{{doi\|10.37421}}` [Beall's publisher list]	`doi=10.37421` J Textile Sci Eng (1 in 1) Medicinal Chemistry (1 in 1)	2	2	1.000
328	Horizon Research Publishing \| `{{doi\|10.13189}}` [Beall's publisher list]	`doi=10.13189` Linguistics and Literature Studies (1 in 1) Natural Resources and Conservation (1 in 1)	2	2	1.000
329	Human Resource Management Academic Research Society \| `{{doi\|10.6007}}` [Beall's publisher list]	`doi=10.6007` International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
330	Indian Journal of Natural Sciences [Beall's journal list] Indexed by Journal Citation Reports.	Indian Journal of Natural Sciences (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
331	Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences [Beall's journal list]	Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
332	International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management [Beall's journal list]	International Journal for Research in Engineering Application & Management (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
333	International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
334	International Journal of Advances in Management and Economics [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Advances in Management and Economics (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
335	International Journal of Applied Dental Sciences [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Applied Dental Sciences (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
336	International Journal of Arts and Commerce [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Arts and Commerce (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
337	International Journal of Business and Information [Beall's journal list / update]	International Journal of Business and Information (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
338	International Journal of Computer Science and Telecommunications [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Computer Science and Telecommunications (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
339	International Journal of Digital Library Services [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Digital Library Services (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
340	International Journal of Electronics Communication and Computer Engineering [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Electronics Communication and Computer Engineering (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
341	International Journal of Engineering Inventions [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Engineering Inventions (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
342	International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
343	International Journal of Governance [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Governance (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
344	International Journal of Green and Herbal Chemistry [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Green and Herbal Chemistry (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
345	International Journal of Health Sciences and Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Health Sciences and Research (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
346	International Journal of Humanities and Social Science [Lying about DOAJ]	Center for Promoting Ideas International Journal of Humanities and Social Science (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
347	International Journal of Information Research and Review [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Information Research and Review (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
348	International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
349	International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
350	International Journal of Law and Legal Jurisprudence Studies [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Law and Legal Jurisprudence Studies (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
351	International Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
352	International Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences and Engineering [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences and Engineering (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
353	International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
354	International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
355	International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience \| `{{doi\|10.18782}}` [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience (1 in 1) International Journal of Pure and Applied Bioscience (1 in 1)	2	2	1.000
356	International Journal of Renewable Energy Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Renewable Energy Research (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
357	International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
358	International Journal of Social Sciences and Education [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Social Sciences and Education (1 in 1) International Journal Social Sciences and Education (1 in 1)	2	2	1.000
359	International Journal of Vaccine Theory, Practice, and Research \| `{{doi\|10.56098}}` [[1]]	International Journal of Vaccine Theory, Practice, and Research (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
360	International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences [Beall's journal list]	International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
361	Journal of Accounting, Ethics & Public Policy [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Accounting, Ethics & Public Policy (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
362	Journal of Applied Linguistics [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Applied Linguistics (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
363	Journal of Coastal Life Medicine [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Coastal Life Medicine (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
364	Journal of Critical Reviews [Lying about DOAJ]	Journal of Critical Reviews (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
365	Journal of Education, Health and Sport [Lying about DOAJ]	Journal of Education, Health and Sport (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
366	Journal of English Language and Literature [Beall's journal list]	Journal of English Language and Literature (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
367	Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
368	Journal of Experimental Sciences [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Experimental Sciences (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
369	Journal of Information Management [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Information Management (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
370	Journal of Longevity [Quackwatch's list]	Journal of Longevity (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
371	Journal of Novel Applied Sciences [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Novel Applied Sciences (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
372	Journal of Science [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Science (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
373	Jundishapur Journal of Health Sciences [Beall's journal list]	Kowsar Publishing Jundishapur Journal of Health Sciences (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
374	Juniper Publishers \| `{{doi\|10.19080}}` [Beall's publisher list] See also [2], [3], and [4].	`doi=10.19080` International Journal of Environmental Sciences & Natural Resources (1 in 1) Oceanography & Fisheries Open access Journal (1 in 1)	2	2	1.000
375	Latitudes (newsletter) [Quackwatch's list]	Latitude Latitudes (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
376	Libertas Academica [Beall's publisher list*] Listed on Beall's list in 2010, but later removed.	Libertas Academica Analytical Chemistry Insights (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
377	Macrothink Institute \| `{{doi\|10.5296}}` [Beall's publisher list]	`doi=10.5296` International Journal of Social Work (1 in 1) Journal of Sociological Research (1 in 1)	2	2	1.000
378	Mashable [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Mashable sponsored content.	Mashable (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
379	Medwin Publishers \| `{{doi\|10.23880}}` [Beall's publisher list]	`doi=10.23880` Open Access Journal of Ophthalmology (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
380	Modern Journal of Language Teaching Methods [Beall's journal list]	Modern Journal of Language Teaching Methods (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
381	Patheos [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Patheos.	Patheos (1 in 1) Patheos.com (1 in 1)	2	2	1.000
382	Romanian Biotechnological Letters [Beall's journal list]	Romanian Biotechnological Letters (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
383	Scholink \| `{{doi\|10.22158}}` [Beall's publisher list]	`doi=10.22158` Global Research in Higher Education (1 in 1) Studies in Social Science Research (1 in 1)	2	2	1.000
384	Science and Information Organization \| `{{doi\|10.14569}}` [Beall's publisher list]	`doi=10.14569` International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications (1 in 1) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications (IJACSA) (1 in 1)	2	2	1.000
385	Sensors & Transducers Journal [Beall's journal list]	Sensors & Transducers Journal (2 in 1, 2)	2	2	1.000
386	East African Journal of Environment and Natural Resources [Lying about DOAJ]	East African Journal of Environment and Natural Resources (2 in 1)	2	1	2.000
387	East African Nature and Science Organization Journals \| `{{doi\|10.37284}}` [Lying about DOAJ] Several/All journals lying about being including on the DOAJ	`doi=10.37284` East African Journal of Environment and Natural Resources (2 in 1)	2	1	2.000
388	Fluoride (journal) [Quackwatch's list]	Fluoride (2 in 1)	2	1	2.000
389	International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature (2 in 1)	2	1	2.000
390	Journal of Academic Social Science Studies \| `{{doi\|10.9761}}` [Beall's journal list]	`doi=10.9761` Jass Studies-The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies (2 in 1)	2	1	2.000
391	Journal of Health Economics and Outcomes Research [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Health Economics and Outcomes Research (2 in 1)	2	1	2.000
392	Massage Therapy Journal [Quackwatch's list]	Massage Therapy Journal (2 in 1)	2	1	2.000
393	Academic Research Journals \| `{{doi\|10.14662}}` [Beall's publisher list]	Academic Research Journals Academia Research Journal (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
394	Academic and Scientific Publishing [Beall's publisher list]	Category:Academic and Scientific Publishing academic journals American Journal of Engineering Technology The American Journal of Engineering and Technology (1 in 1) American Journal of Engineering Technology The American Journal of Engineering and Technology (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
395	Academicians' Research Center \| `{{doi\|10.20431}}` [Beall's publisher list] [5]	ARC (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
396	AkiNik Publications \| `{{doi\|10.22271}}` [—] Individual journals listed on Beall's list	`doi=10.22271` Tropical Plant Research (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
397	Amazon (company) \| `{{doi\|10.53104}}` [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Amazon.	Amazon (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
398	American Journal of Pharmacy and Health Research [Beall's journal list]	American Journal of Pharmacy and Health Research (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
399	Anadolu Agency [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Anadolu Agency, debatable for general topics, unreliable for controversial topics and international politics.	Anadolu Agency (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000
400	Anglisticum [Beall's journal list]	Anglisticum (1 in 1)	1	1	1.000

Legend

Title (bold link) : page existed at time of database dump
Title (bold underlined link) : page existed, as a disambiguation page, at time of database dump
Title (italicized link) : page existed, as a redirect, at time of database dump
Title (italicized underlined link) : page existed, as a redirect to a disambiguation page, at time of database dump
Title (regular blue link) page did not exist at time of database dump
Title (non-link) : title contains invalid characters for a Wikipedia page title
Title (redlink): A red link means the article does not currently exist. This is either because the corresponding article did not exist at the time of the dump (regular red link), or has since been deleted (red link with formatting).
In an entry like The Foobar Journal (13 in 6), the "13 in 6" means that the entry was found 13 times in 6 article. When an entry is found in 5 or fewer articles, they will be listed for convenience.

Date

Compilation last updated on 5 January 2025. The Wikipedia CiteWatch results are based on the database dump of 20 December 2024, using this configuration, with these exclusions.

← Questionable3	Current Questionable4	→ Questionable5